Inn of abdominal viscera

Question 1

What is the target of sympathetic inn to abdominal viscera

Answer 1

Targets- smooth mm, cardiac mm and glands

Question 2

what is the effect of sympathetic stim on abdominal viscera (decrease+increase)

Answer 2

Decreases- gut blood flow, Gland secretions, Digestion

Increases-

• release of adrenalin + noradrenilin from adrenal medulla
• tones internal spinchters
• breakdown of glycogen to glucose in liver

Question 3

what spinal levels is sympathetic div located

Answer 3

T1-L2

Question 4

what is the on and off ramp of the sympathetic trunk (and location)

Answer 4

Grey is more medial, unmylenated, off ramp

White- more lat, mylenated, on ramp

Question 5

What is the path of the preganglionic sympathetic neuron up to the sympathetic trunk

Answer 5

Pre ganglionic neuron goes to ventral root and joins with dorsal root to make spinal nerve and then travels and enters via white ramus communicans into sympathetic trunk

Question 6

What are the 4 options that the nerve has after entering the sympathetic trunk

Answer 6

1. Ascend in chain and synapse
2. Synapse at same level
3. Descend in chain + synapse
4. pass thru without synapse (form splanchnic nerves to prevert ganglia)

Question 7

after the sympathetic turnk where do post ganglionic neurons go

Answer 7

Exit trunk via gray rami and join back w spinal nerve to get distributed

Question 8

At what lvls are white rami comincants located and why

Answer 8

White rami comunicatns are only present at T1-L2 (along w grey); anything above or below will only have grey

Question 9

What option does neurons inn abdominal viscera use

Answer 9

Abdominal pelvis uses option 4 (splanchnic nerves) and travel to prevertebral ganglia where they synase with post ganglionic neurons that are distributed along branches of aorta

Question 10

What are the post sympathetic neurons destine for viscera in head and thoracic cavity called

Answer 10

Head- distributed via cephalic aa

Thoracic- distributed via cardiopulmonary splanchnic n

Question 11

What are the axons called that pass thru the sympathetic trunk called and how many are there

Answer 11

abdominopelvic splanchnic n

• greater splanchnic
• lesser splanchnic
• least splanchnic
• lumbar splanchnic

Question 12

Greater splanchnic- origin, target ganglia, organs inn

Answer 12

T5-9

Celiac ganglion (suprarenal gland too)

stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

Question 13

Lesser splanchnic- origin, target ganglia, organs inn

Answer 13

T10-11

Aorticorenal ganglion

Kidney + ureter

Question 14

Least splanchnic- origin, target ganglia, organs inn

Answer 14

T12

renal ganglion, sup mesenteric

Kidneys and ureter, intestines, colon

Question 15

Lumbar splanchnic- origin, target ganglia, organs inn

Answer 15

L1-2(3)

Sup+ inf mesenteric, sup hypogastric

Intestines, colon, rectum, bladder, prostate, ext gentitalia

Question 16

What is the special neuron path to suprarenal gland

Answer 16

Exit lat horn goes thru sympathetic ganglion and pass thru preverterbral ganglia and go straight to suprarenal gland right to cells of suprarenal medulla (will function as post ganglionic neuron) and they will release NT right into the blood stream and will have wide ranging effect on the body.

Question 17

What structures does the parasymathetic neurons target

Answer 17

Head+ neck, viscera, ext genitalia

Question 18

Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons from CN X are distributed where

Answer 18

Distributed to thoracic and prox abdominal viscera up to left colic flexure where they synapse with postganglionic neurons near walls of viscera

Question 19

Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons from S2-4 are distributed where

Answer 19

near wall of distal abdominal (from left colic flexure) + pelvic viscera

Question 20

What are the ganglia of CN 3, 7, 9, 10

Answer 20

3- cilliary
7- pterygopalantine, submandibular
9- Otic
10-

Question 21

what does parasympathetic inn increase + decrease

Answer 21

incease- Gut blood flow, gland secretion, digestion/perisstalis, glycogen prod.

Question 22

How do neurons travel to the enteric nervous system and what does it inn

Answer 22

preganglionic parasympathetic neurons synapse on post ganglionic neurons on myenteric + submucosal plexus

Question 23

What does the enteric nervous system control

Answer 23

Gland secretions, peristalsis, blood flow, immune activity

Question 24

What is the effect of sympathetic + parasympathetic control on liver and gallblader

Answer 24

Sympathetic- Promotes breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Para- Promotes building/ conservation of glycogen (increases secretion of bile)

Question 25

what is the effect of sympathetic + parasympathetic stim of suprarenal medula

Answer 25

Sympathetic- releases adreneline

Para- nothing- does not inn

Question 26

Visceral afferents carrying unconsious sensation + pain from midsigmoid colon and below travel on what + above

Answer 26

Parasympathetic

above- sympathetic (this is why pain refers)