Ext heart

Question 1

What space does the pericardial sac occupy

Answer 1

2/3 to the left of the midsternal line and 1/3 to the right of the midsternal line

Question 2

what are the two layers of the pericardial sac

Answer 2

fibrous and serous

Question 3

What does the fibrous layer attach to (2)

Answer 3

attaches to central tendon of diaphram inf, post surface of sternum (by sternal pericardial ligs)

Question 4

layers of serous pericardium

Answer 4

continous with outer layer of heart forming epicardium

2 layers- parietal (covers wall) and visceral with pericardial cavity in between

Question 5

what creats the pericardial sinuses (+ what are the 2)

Answer 5

continuation b/w visceral and periatal parts

-transverse/oblique

Question 6

where does the transverse and oblique pass

Answer 6

transverse–>bw aorta and pulmonary trunk (ant), and sup vena cava (post)

Oblique–> located post to the heart

Question 7

what is the blood supply of the pericardial sac

Answer 7

right+ left Pericardiophrenic artery from int thoracic artery

Question 8

What is the venous drainage of the pericardial sac (and what do they drain into)

Answer 8

pericardiophrenic veins to brachiocephalic veins (to end in azygous venous system)

Question 9

what inn the pericardial sac and when it stretches due to fluid accumulation where does pain refer to

Answer 9

R+L phrenic nerves- pain will be refered to supraclavical and shoulder region bilaterally (C345)

Question 10

3 layers of the heart from out to in

Answer 10

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

Question 11

Where is the coronary sulcus found

Answer 11

bw antrium and the ventricles (atrial ventricular groove)

Question 12

What is the apex of the heart formed by (and what intercostal space does it go into)

Answer 12

inferolateral part of left ventrical (projects into the 5th left intercostal space)

Question 13

what are the right and left pulmoany surfaces of the heart formed by

Answer 13

r- right atrum

l- l ventrical

Question 14

what is the right and left border of the heart

Answer 14

r- r atrium

l- l ventrical and left auricle

Question 15

what is the sup and inf part of the heart formed by

Answer 15

sup- left aurical, base of pulmonary trunk, asceding aorta, right aurical, base of sup vc

If- r and left ventrical

Question 16

what is on ant and base of heart (+ vert lvl)

Answer 16

ant- right ventrical

base- left atrium, vert body t6-9

Question 17

what does the right coronary artery arise from and what does it travel in

Answer 17

right aortic sinus

-enters right coronary sinus to end at post interventricular groove

Question 18

Branches of right coronary artery

Answer 18

1. Sinoartrial nodal branch
2. Right marginal branch (on inf border)
3. AV nodal branch
4. Post interventricular branch

Question 19

What does the post interventricular branch supply

Answer 19

post 1/3 of the interventricular septum

Question 20

Where does the left coronary artery arise from and where does it travel

Answer 20

left aortic sinus

- enters coronary sinus and branches into various branches

Question 21

what are the branches of the left coronary artery

Answer 21

1. Ant interventricular-to apex of heart
   1a. Lat digonal branch- supplies l ventrical
2. Circumferential- runs post on heart and ends before crux
   2a. Left marginal

Question 22

what does the ant interventricular branch supply

Answer 22

2/3 of the interventriculr septum

Question 23

what supplies the conducting system of heart (and %)

Answer 23

most consistantly from r coronry artery
60% of ppl get Sa from r coronary
80% of people get AV from r coronary

Question 24

How many people have r coronary dominace

Answer 24

2/3 of people (post IV branch from r coronary)

Question 25

What does the great cardiac vein course with and drain into

Answer 25

originates at midpoint of interventricular septum, travels with ant IV and drains into coronary sinus

Question 26

where does the middle cardiac vein course

Answer 26

originates on the distal part of the ant iv sulcus, turns at apex of heart, travels w post iv and drains into coronary sinus

Question 27

Where does the small cardiac vein course

Answer 27

traves with right marginal artery and drains into sinus

Question 28

What is the oblique vein a reminent of

Answer 28

left SVC from intrauterine life