Retinopathy - DM, HTN

Question 1

What is diabetic retinopathy from?

Answer 1

prolonged and chronic hyperglycemia

Question 2

What are two types of DR?

Answer 2

nonproliferative and proliferative

Question 3

What DR occurs early in disease and often at end of 1st decade?

Answer 3

noproliferative

Question 4

How does nonproliferative present?

Answer 4

microaneuysms, hemorrhage, cotton wool, hard exudates

Question 5

What causes growth of new retinal vessels?

Answer 5

retinal hypoxia

Question 6

How do you prevent DR?

Answer 6

tight glucose control

Question 7

What are risk factors for viitreous hemorrhage?

Answer 7

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Vitreoretinal traction and retinal tears
Trauma, accidents, shaken baby syndrome

Question 8

What % of HTN pt have retinopathy?

Answer 8

15%

Question 9

What are findings for HR?

Answer 9

Arteriovenous (AV) nicking
Narrowing of retinal arteries
Flame hemorrhages
Microaneurysms
Cotton wool spots
Hard exudates

Question 10

What is hallmark of HR?

Answer 10

AV nicking

Question 11

What is malignant HTN?

Answer 11

> 200/130

Question 12

What do you see on eye exam in malignant HTN?

Answer 12

optic disk swelling

Question 13

What is CM of malignant HTN?

Answer 13

Headache
Scotoma
Diplopia
Decreased vision
Photopsias (flashes of light)