Restrictive Lung Diseases Flashcards
Interstitium of lung
The space between the basement membranes of the alveolar walls
Effects of restrictive lung disease
Reduced lung compliance
Low FEV1 and FVC but normal ratio
Reduced gas transfer
V/Q imbalance
Presentation of restrictive lung disease
Abnormal chest x-ray or CT scan
Shortness of breath on exertion and rest
Type 1 respiratory failure
Heart failure
X-ray of interstitial lung disease
Increase in lung markings and more shadowing between ribs
Types of responses
Acute response Chronic response Usual interstitial pneumonitis UIP Granulomatous responses Other patterns
End result of disease
Fibrosis or end-stage honeycomb lung
Acute responses
Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD)
Diffuse alveolar damage causes
Major trauma Chemical injury/toxic inhalation Circulatory shock Drugs Infection Autoimmune disease Radiation
Histological features of DADs
Protein rich oedema Fibrin Hyaline membranes Denuded basement membranes Epithelial and fibroblast proliferation Scarring - interstitium and airspaces
Granulomatous responses
Sarcoidosis Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP)
Sarcoidosis
A multisystem granulomatous disorder
Histopathology of sarcoidosis
Epithelioid and giant cells granulomas
Necrosis/caseation very unusual
Little lymphoid infiltrate
Variable associated fibrosis
Incidence of sarcoidosis in the UK
3-4/100,000
Most common organs involved in sarcoidosis
Lymph nodes
Lung
Spleen
Liver
Presentation of sarcoidosis 1
Acute arthralgia (joint pain) Erythema nodosum Bilateral hilar Lymphadenopathy
