Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory System > Developmental Aspects of Lung Disease > Flashcards

Developmental Aspects of Lung Disease Flashcards

1
Q

In what stage of morphogenesis does surfactant being to develop

A

Saccular stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Common upper congenital abnormalities

A

Tracheal anagenesis and stenosis
Tracheomalacia
Tracheo-oesphageal fistula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Common lower congenital abnormalities

A

Lung anagenesis/pulmonary hypoplasia
Bronchogenic cyst
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM)
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Presenting features in antenatal scanning

A

Ultrasound - show up more at 20 weeks scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Presenting features in newborns

A

Tachypnoea
Respiratory distress
Feeding issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tachypnoea

A

Abnormally rapid breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Presenting features in childhood

A

Stridor/wheeze
Recurrent pneumonia
Cough
Feeding issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Asymptomatic presenting features

A

Incidental finding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tracheal agenesis

A

Trachea is absent or underdeveloped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Presentation of tracheal agenesis

A

Acute respiratory distress at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tracheal stenosis

A

Tracheal cartilage rings are completed too early, may be generalised or segmental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Time of detection of tracheal stenosis

A

At birth or within first year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tracheomalacia

A

Dynamic abnormal collapse of tracheal walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Presentation of tracheomalacia

A

Braking cough
Recurrent croup
Breathless on exertion
Stridor/wheeze

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Management of tracheomalacia

A

Physiotherapy and antibiotics when unwell, natural resolution with time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Causes of tracheomalacia

A

Genetic conditions

External compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tracheo-oesphageal fistula

A

Abnormal connection between trachea and oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Presentation of tracheo-oesphageal fistula

A

Choking
Colour change
Cough with feeding
Unable to pass nasal-gastric tube

19
Q

Treatment of trachea-oesphageal fistula

A

Surgical repair (rejoin or elongation)

20
Q

Complications of trachea-oestophageal fistula

A

Tracheomalacia
Strictures
Leak
Reflux

21
Q

Time of detection of trachea-oesphageal fistula

A

Antenatal or postnatal

22
Q

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM)

A

Abnormal non-functioning lung tissue, occurs sporadically

23
Q

Management of CPAM

A

May resolve spontaneously in utero
Conservative treatment id asymptomatic
Surgical intervention

24
Q

Time of detection of CPAM

A

80% detected antenatally

25
Q

Diaphragm development

A

Develops from multiple tissue at 7 weeks and closes by 18 weeks

26
Q

Cause of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

Failure of closure of diaphragm (usually left side)

27
Q

Time of diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

Most antenatally, some cases late

28
Q

Management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

Surgical repair - primary closure

29
Q

Eventration of diaphragm

A

Abnormal elevation of dome of diaphragm in which all or part of it is largely composed of fibrous tissue

30
Q

Change in lungs after birth

A

Lungs inflate and fluid in lungs is absorbed

31
Q

Transient tachypnoea of newborn

A

Accumulation of fluid in lungs due to no squeezing of lungs after birth

32
Q

At which weeks do type II pneumocytes differentiate

A

Weeks 24-34

33
Q

What is surfactant made up of

A

Phospholipids and lipophilic proteins

34
Q

Other name of RDS

A

Hyaline membrane disease

35
Q

What causes RDS

A

Surfactant deficiency

36
Q

Treatment of RDS

A

Antenatal steroids (matures lungs)
Surfactant replacement
Appropriate ventilation and nutrition

37
Q

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

A

Chronic lung disease that results from damage to lungs caused by mechanical ventilation and long term use of oxygen

38
Q

Remodelling

A

Alteration of airway structure following external influence

39
Q

Result of remodelling

A

Interference of inter-cellular signalling

40
Q

Causes of remodelling

A 
Environmental influences
Chronic diseases in childhood
Infection
Gene interactions
Antenatal programming
Early allergy
41
Q

Remodelling in asthma

A 
Chronic inflammation 
Increased bronchial responsiveness
Increase mucus secretion
Airway oedema
Airway narrowing
42
Q

Remodelling in chronic lung disease

A

Chronic inflammation
Interference of inter-cellular signalling
Treatment toxicity - can cause structural change in airways

43
Q

Pros of prediction of future lung development

A

Allows identification of illnesses that will appear later in life and so allows for earlier treatment

Respiratory System (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions