Pulmonary Vascular Disease Flashcards
1
Q
Pulmonary embolism
A
Thrombus forms in the venous system and embolisms to the pulmonary arteries
2
Q
Major risk factors of PE
A
Recent major trauma Recent surgery Cancer Significant cardiopulmonary disease Pregnancy Inherited thrombophilia
3
Q
Symptoms of PE
A
Pleuritic chest pain Cough Haemoptysis Isolated acute dyspnoea (multiple) Syncope or cardiac arrest (massive)
4
Q
Signs of PE
A
Preyxia Pleural rub (walking in snow) Stony dullness to percussion at base (effusion) Tachycardia, tachypnoea, hypoxia Hypotension
5
Q
PE investigations
A
FBC, biochemistry troponin 1, blood gases Chest x-ray ECG D-dimer CT pulmonary angiogram V/Q scan Echocardiography
6
Q
Prognosis of PE based on
A
Age
Sex
Comorbidity
Physiological parameters
7
Q
PE treatment
A
Oxygen Low molecular weight heparin Direct oral anticoagulants - rivaroxaban, apixaban Thrombolysis - alteplase Pulmonary embolectomy Warfarin - anticoagulant
8
Q
Pulmonary hypertension
A
Elevated blood pressure in pulmonary arterial tree
9
Q
Pulmonary hypertension when pulmonary pressure greater than
A
25mmHg
10
Q
Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension epidemiology
A
Young people
Rare
Can be fatal
11
Q
Secondary pulmonary hypertension epidemiology
A
Older people
More common
Not usually fatal
12
Q
Causes of hypertension
A
Idiopathic Secondary to left heart disease Secondary to chronic respiratory diseases Chronic theombeoembolic PH Miscellaneous
13
Q
Symptoms of pulmonary hypertension
A
Exertional shortness of breath
Chest tightness
Exertional dizziness or light-headedness
14
Q
Pulmonary hypertension signs
A
Elevated JVP Right ventricular heave Loud pulmonary second heart sound Hepatomegaly - back pressure on venous system and heart Ankle oedema
15
Q
Pulmonary hypertension investigations
A
ECG Lung function tests Chest x-ray Echocardiograph V/Q scan CT pulmonary angiogram Right heart catheterisation
