Embryology - Development of Respiratory System

Question 1

4 main parts of respiratory development

Answer 1

Launch a trachea
Construct the lungs
Invest the lungs with pleura
Manufacture a diaphragm

Question 2

Where does the trachea originate from

Answer 2

Ventral walls of foregut (oesophagus)

Question 3

When does the development of the trachea and lungs begin

Answer 3

Week 4

Question 4

Position of trachea relative to oesophagus

Answer 4

Anterior

Question 5

Name of groove from which tracheal outgrowth begins

Answer 5

Laryngotracheal groove

Question 6

Oesophagotracheal septum

Answer 6

Septum that develops between oesophagus and trachea to completely separator them

Question 7

Fistula

Answer 7

Abnormal or surgically made passage between tubular organ and the body surface, or between two hollow or tubular organs

Question 8

Atresia

Answer 8

Condition where an opening or passage in the body is closed or absent

Question 9

Visceral pleura develops from

Answer 9

The splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm

Question 10

Parietal pleura develops from

Answer 10

The somatic lateral plate mesoderm

Question 11

Name of gap between parietal and visceral pleurae

Answer 11

Pleuroperitoneal canal

Question 12

Pleuroperitoneal folds function

Answer 12

Form around primitive heart separating pleural cavities from pericardial cavity

Question 13

Pleuroperitneal canals develops into

Answer 13

Pleural cavity

Question 14

The lung buds ‘punch’ into

Answer 14

The visceral mesoderm

Question 15

Lung buds expand into the

Answer 15

Pericardioperitnoeal canals

Question 16

Canicular stage

Answer 16

Terminal bronchioles give rise to tubes that make up respiratory tract

Question 17

Saccular stage

Answer 17

Formation of alveolar sacs

Question 18

Alveolar stage

Answer 18

Formation of alveoli from terminal sacs

Question 19

Pseudoglandual stage

Answer 19

Setup of all pulmonary structures except elements needed for gas exchange

Question 20

What is the major cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Answer 20

Surfactant deficiency

Question 21

RDS makes up what percentage of neonatal disease

Answer 21

30%

Question 22

Examples of congenital conditions of lungs

Answer 22

Accessory lobes
Agenesis of lung
RDS
Lobe of azygos vein
Pulmonary hypoplasia

Question 23

Agenesis of lung

Answer 23

Complete non development of a lung

Question 24

Central tendon develops from

Answer 24

Septum transversum

Question 25

Primitive diaphragm forms from

Answer 25

Pleuroperitoneal membranes

Question 26

Median portion and crura of diaphragm develop from

Answer 26

Dorsal mesentery of oesophagus

Question 27

Peripheral parts of diaphragm develop from

Answer 27

Muscular ingrowth from lateral body walls

Question 28

Congenital abnormalities of diaphragm

Answer 28

Failure of diaphragm to completely close during development

Herniation of abdominal contents into the chest

Question 29

Pulmonary hypoplasia

Answer 29

Incomplete development of lungs

Question 30

Diaphragmatic herniae

Answer 30

Hernia of diaphragm

Question 31

Hiatal herniae

Answer 31

Hernia of stomach through diaphragm opening