restrictive 1

Question 1

main feature of restrictive

Answer 1

reduced expansion leading to decreased TLC and decreased FVC

Question 2

acute lung injury

Answer 2

abrupt onset of significant hypoxemia and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in the absence of cardiac failure

Question 3

2 types of acute lung injury

Answer 3

acute respiratory distress

respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn

Question 4

acute respiratory distress

Answer 4

mostly seen in adults

Question 5

respiratory distress of the newborn

Answer 5

low birth weigh, prematurity

Question 6

acute lung injury mortality

Answer 6

40%

Question 7

acute lung injury histologically

Answer 7

diffuse alveolar damage with hyaline membranes, hemorrhagic and heavy lungs, reactive proliferation of type 2 pneumocytes

Question 8

chronic interstitial lung diseases

Answer 8

heterogenous group of disorders

inflammation and fibrosis of the pulmonary connective tissue, mainly interstitial between. the alveolar walls

Question 9

common features of chronic interstitial lung diseases

Answer 9

reduced compliance - stiffening
reduced diffusion capacity
reduced lung volume

Question 10

4 categories of interstitial lung diseases

Answer 10

• fibrosing
• granulomatous
• smoking related
• eosinophil

Question 11

fibrosing diseases

Answer 11

usually interstitial pneumonia 
non specific interstitial pneumonia 
cryptogenic organising pneumonia 
autoimmune related 
pneumoconiosis

Question 12

granulomatous

Answer 12

sarcoid

hypersensitivity pneumonitis/extrinsic allergic alveolitis

Question 13

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 13

unknown cause
temporally heretrogenous process
fibroplastic foci - focal areas of nodules of fibrous tissue
honey comb lung

Question 14

fibroplastic foci

Answer 14

focal areas of nodules of fibrous tissue

Question 15

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis survival

Answer 15

<5 years

Question 16

hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Answer 16

inhalation and exposure to antigen

eg. spores of bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria, animal proteins

Question 17

clinical names of hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Answer 17

depends on in the causative antigen 
eg.
air conditioner lung 
byssinosis 
farmer's lung 
bird fancier's lung 
hot tub lung

Question 18

air conditioner lung

Answer 18

due to thermophilic bacteria

Question 19

byssinosis

Answer 19

in textile workers due to fibres from cotton, linen and hemp
endotoxin from bacterial contamination of cotton may play a role

Question 20

framer’s lung

Answer 20

from mouldy hay containing spores of thermophilic actinomycetes

Question 21

acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Answer 21

influenza like syndrome a few hours after exposure to an antigen

Question 22

subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Answer 22

slowly progressive failure over weeks to months

gas transfer may be impeded

Question 23

chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Answer 23

slowly progressive and insidious respiratory failure

restrictive pattern on pulmonary function tests

Question 24

non specific interstitial pneumonia

Answer 24

temporally uniform homogenous appearance

Question 25

cryptogenic organising pneumonia

Answer 25

cough and dyspnoea
plugs of loose organising connective tissue in alveolar ducts, alveoli and bronchioles
temporally homoogenous
some recover spontaneously, most recover with steroids

Question 26

connective tissue diseases

Answer 26

rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and other connective tissue disease may have pulmonary manifestations

Question 27

sarcoidosis

Answer 27

systemic granulomatous disease 
unknown aetiology 
often liver, lung, brain, lymph nodes 
hilar lymphadenopathy or lung involvement 
non necrotising granulomas

Question 28

pneumoconioses

Answer 28

pulmonary fibrosis due to inhaled dust
anthracosis/ coal worker’s pneumoconiosis
silicosis
asbestosis

Question 29

asbestos associated diseases

Answer 29

localised pleural plaques 
pleural effusions 
asbestosis
mesothelioma 
laryngeal and colonic carcinoma