pituitary gland

Question 1

thyroid weight

Answer 1

10-20g

Question 2

TSH is

Answer 2

thyrotropin

Question 3

TSH is from

Answer 3

anterior pituitary

Question 4

TSH does

Answer 4

drives production, storage and release from thyroid, under TRH control from hypothalamus

Question 5

two active thyroid hormones

Answer 5

• thyroxine (T4)

- 3,5,3’ - triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 6

T4 is formed in

Answer 6

thyroid gland

Question 7

T3 is formed in

Answer 7

by deionisation in extra thyroidal tissues, particularly in the liver, kidney and thyroid (D1) and muscle, brain, pituitary, skin and placenta (D2)

Question 8

thyroid hormones are bound to

Answer 8

serum proteins

• thyroxine binding globulin TBG
• transthyretin TTR
• albumin
• lypoproteins

Question 9

bound thyroid hormones are

Answer 9

circulating storage pool

Question 10

unbound hormones are

Answer 10

available for uptake into tissues, and determine hormones biological activity

Question 11

T3 compared to T4

Answer 11

T3 is more active

variability in tissue distribution of receptors

Question 12

presentation of thyroid disease

Answer 12

• may be symptomatic or asymptomatic
• range of pathological processes can lead to the same symptomatology
• diagnosis needs to consider anatomical, biochemical factors as well as time course and pathological process

Question 13

euthyroid

Answer 13

normal function

Question 14

hyperthyroidism

Answer 14

too much thyroid hormone

Question 15

hypothyroidism

Answer 15

too little thyroid hormone

Question 16

goitre

Answer 16

• may be unilateral, bilateral or diffuse
  compression effects - by narrowing of the thoracic inlet or by impact on adjacent structures impacting airway, oesophagus, large vessels, nerves
• usually not painful

Question 17

hyperplasia of the thyroid

Answer 17

gland becomes enlarged - too many cells
diffuse hyperplasia - graves disease
multi nodular goitre/nodular colloid goitre - nodular areas in the thyroid becoming hyperplastic causing enlarged goitre

Question 18

neoplasia of the thyroid

Answer 18

• ademonas - benign, follicular, hurthle cell, other

- carcinomas (malignant) - papillary, follicular, anapaestic, medullary

Question 19

inflammatory thyroiditis

Answer 19

• Hashimoto - autoimmune
• lymphocytic
• granulomatous