blood gas analysis 2 Flashcards
1
Q
loss of acid may happen when
A
- upper GI - vomiting
- kidneys - diuretics, tubular disorders, mineralocorticoids
- hypokalaemia
2
Q
hyperventilation may be caused by
A
- anxiety
- some drugs - salicylate toxicity
- hypoxaemia eg. high altitude
- iatrogenic - ventilated patient
3
Q
winter’s rule
A
pCO2= 1.5 x HCO3- +8
during metabolic acidosis
4
Q
anion gap should be
A
should be between 7-17
5
Q
anion gap accounts for
A
other anions normally present eg. albumin
6
Q
if there is no anion gap
A
Cl- is elevated usually
7
Q
high anion gap metabolic acidosis
A
methanol/toxic alcohols uraemia diabetic ketoacidosis paracetamol- pyroglutamic acidosis iron lactate ethanol salicylates
8
Q
normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
A
- also called hypercholoraemic metabolic acidosis
- loss of bicarbonate through gut or kidneys - diarrhoea, renal tubular acidosis
9
Q
falsely normal anion gap
A
albumin contributes to anion gap
each 10g/L decrease in albumin decreases the anion gap by 2-3 mmol/L
Could have high anion gap that is falsely normal due to low albumin
