pituitary 3

Question 1

hypopituitarism

Answer 1

usually due to inadequate functional pituitary tissue

usually leads to pan-hypopituitarism (single hormone deficiency is uncommon)

Question 2

pituitary hypo function leads to

Answer 2

secondary hypo function of pituitary dependant endocrine glands through feedback inhibition - hypothyroidism, hypoadrenalism

Question 3

causes of hypopituitarism

Answer 3

• absence of destruction of pituitary tissue
• injury, ischaemia, infection, pressure from adjacent tumour, rathe’s cleft cyst, trauma, previous surgery or radiotherapy

Question 4

pituitary apoplexy

Answer 4

sudden haemorrhage into the pituitary, often into an adenoma

• may be a medical emergency - sudden headache, visual field defect, acute adrenal deficiency
• leads to chronic hypopituitarism

Question 5

diabetes insipidus

Answer 5

passage of large volumes of dilute urrine

• kidney is unable to reabsorb water from the urine
• serum sodium and osmolarity is increased
• thirst and polydipsia
• at risk of dehydration

Question 6

two main forms of posterior pituitary syndromes

Answer 6

central

nephrogenic

Question 7

central diabetes insipidus

Answer 7

neurogenic, pituitary
decreased secretion of ADH from pituitary
due to mass effect, inflammation, trauma, surgery, idiopathic

Question 8

nephrogenic diabets insipidus

Answer 8

decreased ability to concentration urine due to ADH resistance in the kidney

Question 9

syndrome of inappropriate ADH

Answer 9

SIADH - when there is too much ADH
absorb too much water causing hyponatraema, cerebral oedema
blood volume normal, no peripheral oedema
usually caused by ectopic ADH secretion - not from pituitary itself