Ressources Burke Flashcards
Quel titre faire à Centrale ?
- Balancing __ and __ : The Future of __
- __ at a Crossroads : __ or __ ?
Quel titre peut-on utiliser à l’X ?
- Concept A vs Concept B : Paradoxe qui lie les deux idées opposées et que le dossier soulève (par exemple : Freedom or Security: Must We Choose ?)
- Question directe qui soulève un problème inattendu (par exemple : Has Technology Made Us Less Human?, ou Should We Stop Trying to Save the Planet?)
- Thème provocateur : explication de ce à quoi ça renvoie (par exemple : Disconnected: The Price of a Digital Life, ou Greenwashing: When Sustainability Becomes a Marketing Strategy)
- “Axiome” : remise en question ou nuance (par exemple : “Progress is Inevitable”: But at What Cost? ou “The Ends Justify the Means”: A Dangerous Assumption?)
Comment faire le lien entre deux documents qui convergent ?
- … not only corroborates … but also extends its argument by …
- echoing the claims made in …, … contends that …
- this concern is echoed in …
- … builds on this argument
- … reinforces the position of … by highlighting …
- the perspective presented in … is consistent with that of …, as both emphasize …
(6)
that of = celui/celle de (pronom) (those of au pluriel)
Comment faire le lien entre deux documents qui divergent ?
- However, … cautions against …
- Whereas some …, others warn of …
- Whereas … argues that …, … takes a different stance, asserting that …
- In contrast with the claims made in …, … suggests …
- … and … diverge on the issue of …, with the former asserting …, whereas the latter contends …
(5)
Quels sont les bons verbes à avoir (quelque soit l’épreuve) ?
Quels sont les expressions idiomatiques à connaitre ?
- a double-edged sword
- to turn a blind eye to something
- the tip of the iceberg (la partie émergée de l’iceberg)
- to hit the nail on the head (mettre le doigt sur le problème, toucher dans le mille)
- the ball is in their court
- to push the envelope (repousser les limites, à utiliser de manière méliorative)
Quels sont les bons verbes à avoir (quelque soit l’épreuve) ?
AI & automation
1. Statistic : 90 millions jobs may be displaced by AI by 2030 but 170 new ones may emerge (World Economic Forum, 2025)
2. Literary reference : in his compilation of short stories I, Robot, Asimov argues that AI, when governed by strict ethical constraints, can develop moral dilemmas, unintended autonomy, and even paradoxical behaviors
3. Quote : B.F. Skinner : «the real problem is not wether machines think but wether men do», instead of fearing AI’s intelligence, we should be more worried about our own lack of reasoning, reflection, and responsibility. The danger does not come from AI itself, but from how we use it
4. Fact : AlphaFold, an AI system by DeepMind, solved the long-standing protein folding issue, predicting protein structures with unprecedented accuracy. This breakthrough has accelerated drug discovery and advanced research into diseases like Alzheimer’s and COVID-19.
5. Person : Geoffrey Hinton, one of the “godfathers of AI”, left Google in 2023 to warn about AI risks
Climate Change et Environmental Policy
Democracy & Authoritarianism
Inequality & Social Justice
Thomas Piketty is an economist best known for his book Capital in the Twenty-First Century, where he analyzes the rise of economic inequalities since the 80’s and argues that wealth concentration increases when the returns on capital outpace economic growth.*
The Future of Work & Remote Work
- around 20% of the global workforce worked entirely remotely in 2024*
- often attributed to* Confusius
Privacy & Surveillance
Gender Equality & Feminism
Space Exploration & Colonization
- the space industry is projected to reach one trillion dollars by 2035 (stat)
- «to confine our attention to terrestrial matters would be limiting human spirit», Stephen Hawking, advocates for space exploration as a necessary step in human progress (quote)
- Elon Musk, Space X (person)
Immigration & Refugees
- over 120 million people were forcibly displaced in 2024 (stat)
- «no one puts their children in a boat unless the water is safer than the land», Warsan Shire (quote)
The Death Penalty
- 55 countries still use the death penalty (stat)
- the EU bans the death penalty as a condition for membership (fact)
Mental Health & Society
- depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting 280 million people (World Health Organisation, 2023) (stat)
- the COVID-19 pandemic led to a 25% increase in anxiety and depression worldwide (fact)
Artificial Intelligence & Ethics
- over 40% of CEOs say AI will replace human jobs within the next five years, according to PwC (stat)
- I, Robot, Asimov (literary ref)
- AI-generated deepfakes are becoming indistinguishable from real videos (fact)
Social Media & Its impact on Society
- the average person spends two hours and a half per day on social medias (stat)
- Facebook has over three billion active users (fact)
Fast Fashion & Consumerism
- the fashion industry accounts for 10% of global carbon emissions (stat)
- American Psycho (Ellis, 1991), a satirical novel criticizing consumer culture, where the protagonist id obsessed with material wealth, designer brands and superficial status (literary ref)
The Rise of Populism
- populist leaders were in power in 30% of democracies as of 2023, according to The Guardian (stat)
- Animal Farm (George Orwell, 1945), a political allegory about the danger of populist rhetoric, where revolutionary ideals give way to authoritarianism and propaganda (literary ref)
The Role of the Media & Fake News
- over 60% of people worry that fake news affects elections (stat)
- «a lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes», Mark Twain (quote)
- AI-generated deepfakes are becoming indistinguishable from real videos (fact)
The Ethics of Genetic Engeeniring
- CRISPR gene editing, a revolutionary technology used to modify DNA accurately, could correct 90% of genetic diseases (Nature, 2020) (stat)
- Jennifer Dounder, Nobel Prize-winning scientist for CRISPR research (person)
Faire un récapitulatif des thèmes
- AI & automation
- Climate Change & Environmental Policy
- Democracy & Authoritarianism
- Inequality & Social Justice
- The Future of Work & Remote Work
- Privacy & Surveillance
- Gender Equality & Feminism
- Space Exploration & Colonization
- Immigration & Refugees
- The Death Penalty
- Mental Health & Society
- Artificial Intelligence & Ethics
- Social Media & Its impact on Society
- Fast Fashion & Consumerism
- The Rise of Populism
- The Role of the Media & Fake News
- The Ethics of Genetic Engineering
(16)
