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First Aid > resp.pharm > Flashcards

resp.pharm Flashcards

1
Q

what are the H1 blockers?

A

reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors

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2
Q

what are the 1st generation H1 blockers

A

diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine

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3
Q

what are the clinical uses of 1st gen H1 blockers

A

allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid

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4
Q

what is the toxicity associated with 1st gen H1 blockers

A

sedation antimuscarinic, anti-alpha adrenergic

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5
Q

what are the 2nd generation H1 blcokers

A

loratidine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, ceterizine

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6
Q

what are the clinical uses of 2nd gen H1 blockers

A

allergy

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7
Q

what is the toxicity associated with 1st gen H1 blockers

A

far less sedating than 1st gen because of decreased entry into CNS

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8
Q

what are the expectorants?

A

guaifenesin, N-acetylcysteine

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9
Q

what is guiafenesin?

A

expectorant that things respiratory secretions but does nto suppress cough reflex

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10
Q

what is N-acetylcysteine

A

mucolytic - loosesn mucous plugs in CF patients. Used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose

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11
Q

what is dextromethorphan?

A

antitussive. Antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors. Synthetic codeine analod that has mild opioid effects when used in excess.

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12
Q

how do you treat dextromethorphan overdose?

A

naloxone. {Mild abuse potential}

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13
Q

MOA of pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine

A

sympathomimetic alpha-agonistic nonprescription nasal decongestants

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14
Q

what is the clinical use of pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine

A

reduce hyperemia, edema and nasal congestion

open obstructed eustachian tubes

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15
Q

what is the toxicity of pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine

A

hypertension. Can cause CNS stimulation/anxiety (pseudoephedrine)

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16
Q

what are the two pathways leading to bronchoconstriction in asthma?

A

inflammatory and parasympathetic tone

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17
Q

what are the types of asthma drugs?

A

beta 2 agonists, methylxanthines, muscarinic agonists, corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, omalizumab, methacholine, bosentan

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18
Q

what beta 2 agonists are used to treat asthma?

A

albuterol, salmeterol, formoterol

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19
Q

what drugs are methylxanthines?

A

theophylline

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20
Q

what muscarinic antagonists are used to treat asthma

A

ipratropium, tiotropium

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21
Q

what corticosteroids are used to treat asthma?

A

beclomethasone, fluticasone

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22
Q

what antileukotrienes are used to treat asthma?

A

montelukast, zafirlukast, zileuton

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23
Q

what does albuterol do?>

A

relaxes bronchial smooth muscles (b2). Use during acute exacerbation

24
Q

what do salmeterol and formoterol do?

A

long acting agents for prophylaxis. Adverse effects are tremor and arrhythmias

25
Q

what does theophylline do?

A

bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase –> increased cAMP levels due to decreased cAMP hydrolysis. The usage is limited because of narrow theraputic index (cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity), metabolized by cP450. Blocks actions of adenosine

26
Q

what does ipratropium do?

A

competive block of muscarinic receptors, preventing bronchocontstriction. Used for COPD, as is tiotropium, a long acting muscarinic antagonist

27
Q

what do beclomethasone and fluticasone do?

A

inhibit the synthesis of all cytokines

inactivate NF-kb which no longer induces production of TNFa and other inflammatory agents. 1st line for chronic asthma

28
Q

what do montelukast and zafirlukast do?

A

block leukotriene receptors, especially for aspirin induced asthma

29
Q

what does zileuton do?

A

5 lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor that blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes

30
Q

what does omalizumab?

A

monoclonal anti-IgE Ab. Binds unbound serum IgE and blocks binding to FceRI. Used in allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and long acting beta2 agonists

31
Q

what does methacholine do?

A

muscarinic receptor antagonist. Used in bronchial provocation challenge to help diagnose asthma

32
Q

what does bosentan do?

A

used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension. Competitively antagonises endothelin-1 receptors, decreases pulmonary vascular resistance

33
Q

diphenhydramine

A

1st gen H1 blocker

34
Q

dimenhydrinate

A

1st gen H1 blocker

35
Q

chlorpheniramine

A

1st gen H1 blocker

36
Q

loratadine

A

2nd gen H1 blocker

37
Q

fexofenadine

A

2nd gen H1 blocker

38
Q

desloratadine

A

2nd gen H1 blocker

39
Q

cetirizine

A

2nd gen H1 blocker

40
Q

guaifenesin

A

expectorant

41
Q

N-acetylcysteine

A

expectorant

42
Q

dextromethorphan

A

NMDA receptor antagonist

43
Q

pseudoephedrine

A

sympathomimetic alpha agonist

44
Q

phenylephrine

A

sympathomimetic alpha agonist

45
Q

albuterol

A

SA beta2 agonist

46
Q

salmeterol

A

LA beta2 agonist

47
Q

formoterol

A

LA beta2 agonist

48
Q

theophylline

A

methylxanthines: phosphodiesterase inhibitors

49
Q

ipratropium

A

muscarinic receptor antagonist

50
Q

beclomethasone

A

corticosteroid

51
Q

fluticasone

A

corticosteroid

52
Q

montelukast

A

antileukotrienes

53
Q

zafirlukast

A

antileukotrienes

54
Q

zileuton

A

antileukotrienes

55
Q

omalizumab

A

anti-IgE antibody

56
Q

methacholine

A

muscarinic receptor agonist

57
Q

bosentan

A

endothelin-1 receptor competitive antagonist

First Aid (23 decks)

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