Lab characteristics Flashcards
Giemsa Stain (5)
Chlamydia, Borrelia, Rickettsiae, Trypanosomes, Plasmodium (Certain Bugs Really Try my Patience)
PAS Stain
Stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides; used to diagnose Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei)
Ziehl-Neelsen (carbol fuchsin)
Acid fast organisms (Nocardia, Mycobacterium)
India Ink
Cryptococcus neoformans (mucicarmine can also be sued to stain thick polysaccharide capsule red)
Silver stain
Fungi (ex: Pneumocystis), Legionella, Helicobacter pylori
H. influenzae culture
Chocolate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
Neisseria
Thayer-Martin (or VPN) media - vancomycin, polymyxin, and nystatin)
Bordetella pertussis
Bordet-Genou (potato) agar (Bordet for Bordetella
Cornyebacterium diptheriae
Tellurite agar, Loffler medium
M. tuberclosis
Lowenstein-Jensen agar
M. pneumoniae
Eaton agar; requires cholesterol
Lactose-fermenting enterics (5)
Citrobacter, Klebsiella, E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia (weak)
Legionella
Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine and iron
Fungi
Sabouraud agar
Obligate aerobes (3)
Nocardia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberclosis
Obligate anaerobes (3)
Clostridium, Bacteroides, Actinomyces
Obligate intracellular (2)
Rickettsia, Chlamydia
Facultative intracellular (8)
Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersinia pestis
Encapsulated bacteria (7)
Strep pneumo, Haemophilus influenzae type B, Neisseria meningitidis, E. coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Group B Strep (SHiNE SKiS)
Catalase (+) organisms (7)
Pseudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E. coli, S. aureus, Serratia (PLACESS for your cats)
Urease (+) bugs (8)
Cryptococcus, H. pylori, Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Klebsiella, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus
Yellow pigment
S. aureus, Actinomyces israelli (sulfur granules)
blue-green pigment
pseudomonas aeruginosa
red pigment
serratia marcescens
protein A virulence factor
s. aureus
IgA Protease
S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae type B, Neisseria (SHiN)
M protein
Helps prevent phagocytosis; Group A Strep
Protein A
Binds Fc regionof IgG; S. aureus
Novobiocin differentiates what?
Staph epidermidis (sensitive) from Staph saprophyticus (resistant)
Bacitracin differentiates what?
Strep pyogenes (sensitive) from Strep agalactiae (resistant)
Optochin differentiates what?
Strep pneumo (sensitive) from Viridans streptococci (resistant)
Alpha hemolytic (2)
Strep pneumo, Viridans streptococci
Beta hemolytic (4)
Strep pyogenes, Strep agalactiae, Staph aureus, Listeria monocytogenes
Gamma hemolytic (no hemolysis)
Enterococci (Group D), Strep bovis
Oxidase (+) organisms
Pseudomonas, Campylobacter jejuni, V. cholerae, H. pylori
Produces H2S
Salmonella
Grows at 42 degrees C
Campylobacter jejuni
Grows in alkaline media
Vibrio cholerae
hippurate test +
s. agalactiae
elek test
C. diphtheriae
spore forming
b. anthracis, c. perfringens, c. tetani, b.cereus, c.botulinum, coxiella burnetii
interferon-g release assay
TB
pink colonies on macconkey agar
Citrobacter, Klebsiella, E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia (weak)
EMB agar
lactose fermenters (purple/black), E.coli (purple w/green sheen)
chocolate agar
h.influenzae, s. aureus
charcoal yeast extract culture with iron and cysteine
legionella
light microscopy with aniline dyes
borrelia
dark field microscopy
treponema
VDRL/RPR
syphillis, false positive: viruses (EBV, hep), drugs, SLE, leprosy
eaton agar
mycoplasma pneumoniae
scotch tape test
enterobius vermicularis
leukocyte esterase test positive
bacterial uti
nitrite test +
gram negative uti
negative urease test for a UTI
E.coli, enterococcus