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First Aid > FARR3 > Flashcards

FARR3 Flashcards

1
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug induced SLE (hydrlazine, isoniazid, joint pannus, Boutonniere deformity)

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5
Q

Anti- IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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6
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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7
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Microscopic polyangitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granlumatosis with polyagnitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

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8
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura

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10
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antiboides

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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11
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distension, weight loss)

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12
Q

Apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray”

A

Colorectal caner (usually left sided)

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13
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusion in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic (M3) variant)

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14
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)

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15
Q

Bamboo spine” on x-ray”

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

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16
Q

Basophillic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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17
Q

Basophillic stippling of RBC’s

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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18
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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19
Q

Boot shaped” heart on x-ray”

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

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20
Q

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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21
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome)

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22
Q

Brown” tumor of bone”

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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23
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (Trypanasoma cruzi)

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24
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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25
Q

Chocolate cyst” of ovary”

A

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

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26
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale nurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

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27
Q

Colonies of mucoid Psudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene -> fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

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28
Q

decreased AFP inamniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities

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29
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column nerves

A

Tabes dorsalis (3* syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected Vit B12, Vit E)

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30
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

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31
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)

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32
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)

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33
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

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34
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

Owl eye” appearance of CMV”

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35
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei

A

Orphan Annie” eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)”

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36
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)

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37
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body (Parkinson disease)

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38
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

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39
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells

A

Negri bodies of rabies

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40
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

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41
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (Owls eyes”)”

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)

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42
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

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43
Q

Hair on end” (crew cut) appearrance on x-ray”

A

beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

44
Q

hCG elevated

A

Choriocarcinoma, hyatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)

45
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodes (rheumatic fever)

46
Q

Heterophile antibodies

A

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

47
Q

Hexagonal, double pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

48
Q

High level of D-dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

49
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (1* TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)

50
Q

Honeycomb lung” on x-ray or CT”

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

51
Q

Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

52
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)

53
Q

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn syndrome

54
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)

55
Q

Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/ maternal serum

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

56
Q

Increased uric acid levels

A

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

57
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSC or CMV)

58
Q

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increases chance of mesothelioma)

59
Q

Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

60
Q

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

61
Q

Lead pipe” appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray”

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

62
Q

Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

63
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

64
Q

Lumpy Bumpy” appearance of glomeuli on immunofluorescence”

A

Postsreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)

65
Q

Lytic (hole punched”) bone lesions on x-ray”

A

Multiple myeloma

66
Q

Mammary gland (blue domed”) cyst”

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

67
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike

A

Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA), Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging), Waldenstrom (M-protein = IgM) macroglobulinema, Primary amyloidosis

68
Q

Mucin filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

Signet ring” (gastric carcinoma)”

69
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

String sign” (Crohn disease)”

70
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and Goodpasture’s syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies))

71
Q

Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

72
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

73
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis; resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus

74
Q

Nutmeg” appearance of liver”

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure

75
Q

Onion skin” periosteal reaction”

A

Ewing sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)

76
Q

Optochin response

A

Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae; resistant: viridans Streptococci

77
Q

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Codman triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)

78
Q

Podocyte fusion or effacement” on electron microscopy”

A

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

79
Q

Polished, ivory like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion”

A

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

80
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)

81
Q

Psamomma bodies

A

Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

82
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

GBM- Glioblastoma multiforme

83
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

84
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusion in Leydig cells

A

Reinkey crytals (Leydig cell tumor)

85
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Acute toxic/viral renal injury

86
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

87
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of the aorta

88
Q

Ring enhancing brain lesions in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

89
Q

Sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body laden macrophages (starry-sky histo)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (t 8:14) c-myc activation, associated with EBC; black sky” made up of malignant cells)”

90
Q

Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

91
Q

Soap bubble” in femur/tibia on x-ray”

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

92
Q

Spikes” on basement membrane, “dome-like” subepi deposits”

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

93
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

94
Q

Stiplled vaginal epithelial cells

A

Clue cells” (Gardnerella vaginalis)”

95
Q

Tennis racket”- shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells”

A

Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell hitiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophillic granuloma)

96
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

97
Q

Thumb sign” on lateral x-ray”

A

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenza)

98
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

99
Q

Tram-track” appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy”

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

100
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

101
Q

Waxy” casts with very low urine flow”

A

Chronic end-stage renal disease

102
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

103
Q

WBCs that look smudged””

A

CLL (usually B cell)

104
Q

Wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy”

A

Lupus nephropathy

105
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia (eg from subarachnoid hemorrhage)

First Aid (23 decks)

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