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Respiratory & Urinary System Flashcards

Ch 19,20,21

1
Q

Micturition what is another name for this?

A

Urination
aka expelling unreel form the bladder aka pissing

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2
Q

What are part of the Urinary System

A

-Kidney
-Ureter
-Urethra
-Urinary Bladder

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3
Q

Define Urine

A

excretory products from nephrons + collecting ducts

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4
Q

What does urine contain?

A

Water, wastes, and electrolytes

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5
Q

Urine formation contains three parts. Name the three and define their roles

A

Glomerular Filtration:
filters water/small molecules, from glomerular capillaries create filtered fluid go through renal tube = tubular fluid
Tubular Respiration:
From renal tube fluid out into PERItubular capillaries. Reclaims some items
Tubular Absorption:
From PERItubular capillaries back into renal tube; continuation into urine adds more waste

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6
Q

What are the kidneys function?

A

-maintenance in pH, REG in VOLUME of body fluids
-filtration such as REMOVE wastes/excess water
-SECRETE hormones FOR metabolic processes
-homeostasis as excretory organs

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7
Q

where is the kidney located ?

A

Retroperineal
aka behind the parietals; peritoneum

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8
Q

Where is the renal cortex located in the kidney?

A

outer region

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9
Q

Where is the renal medulla located in the kidney?

A

Inner region

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10
Q

Describe Renal Pyramids

A

“triangles” in which is medulla divided by renal COLUMNS

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11
Q

What is the renal sinus entry called?

A

Hilium

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12
Q

Nephrons are ?

A

site of URINE PRODUCTION

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13
Q

Renal blood supple in order

A

Renal artery “large”–> segmental artereies–> interlobar arteries (passes through pyramids)—->arcurate arteries aka ‘arches in pyramids’—-> Cortical Radiate Arteries

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14
Q

what does arteries have that veins in the kidney does not?

A

NO SEGmental veins like segmental arteries

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15
Q

what makes up a nephron?

A

2 parts
Renal Corpuscle & Renal Tubule

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16
Q

List off the types of nephrons in the kidney and their characteristics

A

-Cortical Nephron
(85%)
short, near surface, only @ cortex
-Juxtamedullary Nephron (15%)
long = reaches medulla, deep in cortex, regs water/urine

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17
Q

What is the role of the efferent arteriole?

A

Take not filtered BLOOD passed by glomerulus into the peritubular capillary

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18
Q

what is the function of the glomerulus?

A

To filter blood

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19
Q

What is the role of the afferent arteriole?

A

Take blood into the glomerulus

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20
Q

What is the function of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus?

A

regulate secretion of enzyme RENIN (aka regs blood pressure)

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21
Q

What are the roles of juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

-Blood pressure (juxtaglo cells)
-sodium content regulation(macula densa)

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22
Q

Define Countercurrent multiplier

A

countercurrent mechanism that contains nephron loops of juxtamedullary nephrons KEEPING medullary interstitial fluid HYPERtonic

for concentrated urine 100%

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23
Q

Define Renal clearance

A

rate at which chemical is REMOVED from PLASMA

24
Q

Systemic Blood Pressure drives movement from ________ to ________

A

afferent ; glomerulus

25
Glomerular HYDROstatic Pressure drives materials OUT _______ to _________
blood ; capillary inside pressure > outside pressure
26
Capsular HYDROstatic pressure + blood colloid osmotic pressure makes _________ move to __________
CAPILLARY SPACE ; BLOOD
27
What are the peritubular capillaries characteristics?
low pressure, porous capillaries
28
name ALL layers of the ureter
Mucous coat Muscularis Coat Fibrous Coat
29
What is the Mucous Coat composed of? @ureter
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS thick
30
What is the Muscular coat composed of? @ureter
SMOOTH MUSCLE bundles
31
What is the fibrous coat composed of?@ureter
Fibrous CONNECTIVE TISSUE binds tissues
32
What is composed of the submocous coat? @bladder
CONNECTIVE TISSUE & ELASTIC FIBERS
33
What organ is 'funnel shaped' ?
URETERS
34
What Is composed of the serous coat? @bladder
FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE(ADVENTITIA)
35
The major regions of the kidney are the outer region, called the __________, and the inner region, called the __________.
Cortex;Medulla
36
What is the name of the fluid found in TISSUE spaces?
Interstitial Fluid
37
What blood pH suggests alkalosis?
7.5
38
What tube-like structure carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?
THE URETER
39
Reabsorption of nutrients glucose various ions water
Proximal Convoluted TUBE
40
Reabsoprtion of sodium water h & k secretions
Distal convoluted tube
41
Reabsoprtion of water
DEsending limb (it goes into the tissues)
42
What Receives the plasma filtrate?
Glomerular capsule
43
Selective reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions
ASCending limb (those are going out)
44
Filtration of fluids and solutes from plasma
Glomerulus
45
Name the renal process that occurs at the renal corpuscle.
FILTRATION
46
The renal medulla contains __________, whereas the renal cortex contains __________.
renal pyramids; renal corpuscle
47
What factors are most important in influencing the movement of fluid between compartments?
HYDROstatic pressure and OSMOtic pressure
48
Water intake +water output =
WATER BALANCE
49
Water in blood vessels is called?
Blood PLASMA
50
Water seperated by epithelial layers
TRANScellular Fluid
51
Describe the response to loss of water 4 parts
1. lose the water first 2.INCREASE OSMOtic pressure = thirst 3.DEVREASE BLOOD pressure = renin angiotensin 4. drink actual fluid stop thirst or kidney retain more water from urine
52
Hydrostatic pressure _____ of fluid, while OSMOtic pressure ______ fluid _______ _______
pressure; keeps .... inside blood vessel
53
what happens if CO2 kept? how do you fix this
INCREASE in H ions concentration How fix more breathing
54
Acidemia results in excess ...?
H ions
55
Alkalemia results in ?
Too high pH
56
Renal tubules have a function of ?
RE Absorption put stuff back into the blood & secretion, secreting stuff into filtrate to for more refining ready for excretion
57
In the descending limb _______ leaves and in the ascending limb ________ leaves here into the renal medulla
Water (0smosis does this) ; ions like salt/potassion (reabsorption)

Anat (16 decks)

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