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Anat > Respiratory & Urinary System > Flashcards

Respiratory & Urinary System Flashcards

Ch 19,20,21

1
Q

Micturition what is another name for this?

A

Urination
aka expelling unreel form the bladder aka pissing

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2
Q

What are part of the Urinary System

A

-Kidney
-Ureter
-Urethra
-Urinary Bladder

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3
Q

Define Urine

A

excretory products from nephrons + collecting ducts

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4
Q

What does urine contain?

A

Water, wastes, and electrolytes

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5
Q

Urine formation contains three parts. Name the three and define their roles

A

Glomerular Filtration:
filters water/small molecules, from glomerular capillaries create filtered fluid go through renal tube = tubular fluid
Tubular Respiration:
From renal tube fluid out into PERItubular capillaries. Reclaims some items
Tubular Absorption:
From PERItubular capillaries back into renal tube; continuation into urine adds more waste

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6
Q

What are the kidneys function?

A

-maintenance in pH, REG in VOLUME of body fluids
-filtration such as REMOVE wastes/excess water
-SECRETE hormones FOR metabolic processes
-homeostasis as excretory organs

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7
Q

where is the kidney located ?

A

Retroperineal
aka behind the parietals; peritoneum

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8
Q

Where is the renal cortex located in the kidney?

A

outer region

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9
Q

Where is the renal medulla located in the kidney?

A

Inner region

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10
Q

Describe Renal Pyramids

A

“triangles” in which is medulla divided by renal COLUMNS

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11
Q

What is the renal sinus entry called?

A

Hilium

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12
Q

Nephrons are ?

A

site of URINE PRODUCTION

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13
Q

Renal blood supple in order

A

Renal artery “large”–> segmental artereies–> interlobar arteries (passes through pyramids)—->arcurate arteries aka ‘arches in pyramids’—-> Cortical Radiate Arteries

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14
Q

what does arteries have that veins in the kidney does not?

A

NO SEGmental veins like segmental arteries

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15
Q

what makes up a nephron?

A

2 parts
Renal Corpuscle & Renal Tubule

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16
Q

List off the types of nephrons in the kidney and their characteristics

A

-Cortical Nephron
(85%)
short, near surface, only @ cortex
-Juxtamedullary Nephron (15%)
long = reaches medulla, deep in cortex, regs water/urine

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17
Q

What is the role of the efferent arteriole?

A

Take not filtered BLOOD passed by glomerulus into the peritubular capillary

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18
Q

what is the function of the glomerulus?

A

To filter blood

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19
Q

What is the role of the afferent arteriole?

A

Take blood into the glomerulus

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20
Q

What is the function of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus?

A

regulate secretion of enzyme RENIN (aka regs blood pressure)

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21
Q

What are the roles of juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

-Blood pressure (juxtaglo cells)
-sodium content regulation(macula densa)

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22
Q

Define Countercurrent multiplier

A

countercurrent mechanism that contains nephron loops of juxtamedullary nephrons KEEPING medullary interstitial fluid HYPERtonic

for concentrated urine 100%

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23
Q

Define Renal clearance

A

rate at which chemical is REMOVED from PLASMA

24
Q

Systemic Blood Pressure drives movement from ________ to ________

A

afferent ; glomerulus

25
Q

Glomerular HYDROstatic Pressure drives materials OUT
_______ to _________

A

blood ; capillary
inside pressure > outside pressure

26
Q

Capsular HYDROstatic pressure + blood colloid osmotic pressure makes
_________ move to __________

A

CAPILLARY SPACE ; BLOOD

27
Q

What are the peritubular capillaries characteristics?

A

low pressure, porous capillaries

28
Q

name ALL layers of the ureter

A

Mucous coat
Muscularis Coat
Fibrous Coat

29
Q

What is the Mucous Coat composed of? @ureter

A

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS
thick

30
Q

What is the Muscular coat composed of? @ureter

A

SMOOTH MUSCLE
bundles

31
Q

What is the fibrous coat composed of?@ureter

A

Fibrous CONNECTIVE TISSUE
binds tissues

32
Q

What is composed of the submocous coat? @bladder

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE & ELASTIC FIBERS

33
Q

What organ is ‘funnel shaped’ ?

A

URETERS

34
Q

What Is composed of the serous coat? @bladder

A

FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE(ADVENTITIA)

35
Q

The major regions of the kidney are the outer region, called the __________, and the inner region, called the __________.

A

Cortex;Medulla

36
Q

What is the name of the fluid found in TISSUE spaces?

A

Interstitial Fluid

37
Q

What blood pH suggests alkalosis?

A

7.5

38
Q

What tube-like structure carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?

A

THE URETER

39
Q

Reabsorption of
nutrients
glucose
various ions
water

A

Proximal Convoluted TUBE

40
Q

Reabsoprtion of
sodium
water
h & k secretions

A

Distal convoluted tube

41
Q

Reabsoprtion of water

A

DEsending limb
(it goes into the tissues)

42
Q

What Receives the plasma filtrate?

A

Glomerular capsule

43
Q

Selective reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions

A

ASCending limb
(those are going out)

44
Q

Filtration of fluids and solutes from plasma

A

Glomerulus

45
Q

Name the renal process that occurs at the renal corpuscle.

A

FILTRATION

46
Q

The renal medulla contains __________, whereas the renal cortex contains __________.

A

renal pyramids; renal corpuscle

47
Q

What factors are most important in influencing the movement of fluid between compartments?

A

HYDROstatic pressure and OSMOtic pressure

48
Q

Water intake +water output =

A

WATER BALANCE

49
Q

Water in blood vessels is called?

A

Blood PLASMA

50
Q

Water seperated by epithelial layers

A

TRANScellular Fluid

51
Q

Describe the response to loss of water 4 parts

A
  1. lose the water first
    2.INCREASE OSMOtic pressure = thirst
    3.DEVREASE BLOOD pressure = renin angiotensin
  2. drink actual fluid stop thirst or kidney retain more water from urine
52
Q

Hydrostatic pressure _____ of fluid, while OSMOtic pressure ______ fluid _______ _______

A

pressure; keeps …. inside blood vessel

53
Q

what happens if CO2 kept? how do you fix this

A

INCREASE in H ions concentration
How fix more breathing

54
Q

Acidemia results in excess …?

A

H ions

55
Q

Alkalemia results in ?

A

Too high pH

Anat (15 decks)

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