Respiratory & Urinary System Flashcards
Ch 19,20,21
Micturition what is another name for this?
Urination
aka expelling unreel form the bladder aka pissing
What are part of the Urinary System
-Kidney
-Ureter
-Urethra
-Urinary Bladder
Define Urine
excretory products from nephrons + collecting ducts
What does urine contain?
Water, wastes, and electrolytes
Urine formation contains three parts. Name the three and define their roles
Glomerular Filtration:
filters water/small molecules, from glomerular capillaries create filtered fluid go through renal tube = tubular fluid
Tubular Respiration:
From renal tube fluid out into PERItubular capillaries. Reclaims some items
Tubular Absorption:
From PERItubular capillaries back into renal tube; continuation into urine adds more waste
What are the kidneys function?
-maintenance in pH, REG in VOLUME of body fluids
-filtration such as REMOVE wastes/excess water
-SECRETE hormones FOR metabolic processes
-homeostasis as excretory organs
where is the kidney located ?
Retroperineal
aka behind the parietals; peritoneum
Where is the renal cortex located in the kidney?
outer region
Where is the renal medulla located in the kidney?
Inner region
Describe Renal Pyramids
“triangles” in which is medulla divided by renal COLUMNS
What is the renal sinus entry called?
Hilium
Nephrons are ?
site of URINE PRODUCTION
Renal blood supple in order
Renal artery “large”–> segmental artereies–> interlobar arteries (passes through pyramids)—->arcurate arteries aka ‘arches in pyramids’—-> Cortical Radiate Arteries
what does arteries have that veins in the kidney does not?
NO SEGmental veins like segmental arteries
what makes up a nephron?
2 parts
Renal Corpuscle & Renal Tubule
List off the types of nephrons in the kidney and their characteristics
-Cortical Nephron
(85%)
short, near surface, only @ cortex
-Juxtamedullary Nephron (15%)
long = reaches medulla, deep in cortex, regs water/urine
What is the role of the efferent arteriole?
Take not filtered BLOOD passed by glomerulus into the peritubular capillary
what is the function of the glomerulus?
To filter blood
What is the role of the afferent arteriole?
Take blood into the glomerulus
What is the function of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus?
regulate secretion of enzyme RENIN (aka regs blood pressure)
What are the roles of juxtaglomerular apparatus?
-Blood pressure (juxtaglo cells)
-sodium content regulation(macula densa)
Define Countercurrent multiplier
countercurrent mechanism that contains nephron loops of juxtamedullary nephrons KEEPING medullary interstitial fluid HYPERtonic
for concentrated urine 100%
Define Renal clearance
rate at which chemical is REMOVED from PLASMA
Systemic Blood Pressure drives movement from ________ to ________
afferent ; glomerulus
Glomerular HYDROstatic Pressure drives materials OUT
_______ to _________
blood ; capillary
inside pressure > outside pressure
Capsular HYDROstatic pressure + blood colloid osmotic pressure makes
_________ move to __________
CAPILLARY SPACE ; BLOOD
What are the peritubular capillaries characteristics?
low pressure, porous capillaries
name ALL layers of the ureter
Mucous coat
Muscularis Coat
Fibrous Coat
What is the Mucous Coat composed of? @ureter
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS
thick
What is the Muscular coat composed of? @ureter
SMOOTH MUSCLE
bundles
What is the fibrous coat composed of?@ureter
Fibrous CONNECTIVE TISSUE
binds tissues
What is composed of the submocous coat? @bladder
CONNECTIVE TISSUE & ELASTIC FIBERS
What organ is ‘funnel shaped’ ?
URETERS
What Is composed of the serous coat? @bladder
FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE(ADVENTITIA)
The major regions of the kidney are the outer region, called the __________, and the inner region, called the __________.
Cortex;Medulla
What is the name of the fluid found in TISSUE spaces?
Interstitial Fluid
What blood pH suggests alkalosis?
7.5
What tube-like structure carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?
THE URETER
Reabsorption of
nutrients
glucose
various ions
water
Proximal Convoluted TUBE
Reabsoprtion of
sodium
water
h & k secretions
Distal convoluted tube
Reabsoprtion of water
DEsending limb
(it goes into the tissues)
What Receives the plasma filtrate?
Glomerular capsule
Selective reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions
ASCending limb
(those are going out)
Filtration of fluids and solutes from plasma
Glomerulus
Name the renal process that occurs at the renal corpuscle.
FILTRATION
The renal medulla contains __________, whereas the renal cortex contains __________.
renal pyramids; renal corpuscle
What factors are most important in influencing the movement of fluid between compartments?
HYDROstatic pressure and OSMOtic pressure
Water intake +water output =
WATER BALANCE
Water in blood vessels is called?
Blood PLASMA
Water seperated by epithelial layers
TRANScellular Fluid
Describe the response to loss of water 4 parts
- lose the water first
2.INCREASE OSMOtic pressure = thirst
3.DEVREASE BLOOD pressure = renin angiotensin - drink actual fluid stop thirst or kidney retain more water from urine
Hydrostatic pressure _____ of fluid, while OSMOtic pressure ______ fluid _______ _______
pressure; keeps …. inside blood vessel
what happens if CO2 kept? how do you fix this
INCREASE in H ions concentration
How fix more breathing
Acidemia results in excess …?
H ions
Alkalemia results in ?
Too high pH
Renal tubules have a function of ?
RE Absorption put stuff back into the blood & secretion, secreting stuff into filtrate to for more refining ready for excretion
In the descending limb _______ leaves and in the ascending limb ________ leaves here into the renal medulla
Water (0smosis does this) ; ions like salt/potassion (reabsorption)
