Bio Exam 1/4 Flashcards by Jannet :P

Scientific name for Red Blood Cell
&
General Function

Erythocyte- carry oxygen&Co2
Ery = red
Cyte = cell

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Scientific Name for White Blood Cell
&
Function

Leukocyte- removes parasites&worn out cells
Leu = white
Cyte = cell

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Scientific name for Platelet
&
Function

Thrombocyte- controls blood loss

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What are the names of the five white blood cells? And which are granulocyte/agranulocyte

Granulocyte
-Basophils
-Eosinophils
-Neutrophils
AGranulocyte (NOT GRANULATED no sparkle)
-Lymphocyte
-Monocyte

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Releases heparin & histamine, promotes inflammation
a. Neutrophil b.Eosinophil c.Basophil

c. BASOPHIL

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Kills paracites, moderates allergic reactions
a. Neutrophil b.Eosinophil c.Basophil

b. EOSINOPHIL

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Phagocytizes small particles; first-responders at infection site
a. Neutrophil b.Eosinophil c.Basophil

a. NEUTROPHIL

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What term is used for the process of forming blood cells?

Hematopoiesis

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Provides immunity
a.Monocyte b.Lymphocyte

LYMPHOCYTE

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Sends oxygen poor blood to lungs and unloads Co2 , picks up oxygen
What type of circuit is this?

Pulmonary Circuit

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Sends oxygen rich blood&nutrients to all body cells. Removes waste
What type of circuit is this?

Systemic Circuit

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Persons with ABO blood type __________ are sometimes called universal RECIPIENTS.

AB Blood

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What Component of Blood Accounts For the Largest Proportion of the Blood Volume?

a. Plasma b. White blood cells c. Platelets

Plasma

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Define Hemostasis.

Process that stops bleeding

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Type B blood contains __________ antibody in the plasma.

Anti Body = AWAY from body(we hate)
ANTIBODY A
aka anti-a

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Type A blood contains antigen __________

ANTIGEN A

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Describe the function of platelets.

Decrease blood loss from damaged blood vessels

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Describe white blood cels role in a cut?

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In whole blood, plasma is the _____ abundant

MOST

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In whole blood the buffy coat is the _____ abundant

LEAST

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What Would Result When a Patient With Type A Blood Receives a Transfusion of Type B Blood?

Agglutination of DONORS(not u the patient) blood cells
(we killed the foreign blud)

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WHat is blood?

a liquid connective tissue w liquid matrix

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What is blood’s formed elements?

RED blood Cells, WHITE blood cells, platelets

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What is hematocrit?

The percentage of RBCs by volume in blood samples

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What is the liquid portion of blood called?

PLASMA

What is oxyhemoglobin?

red blood cell WITH OXYgen

What is the life cycle of a red blood cell from production to destruction?

Hemocytoblast then ErythroBLAST then Reticulocyte *all previous is done in BONE MARROW* finally ErythroCYTE (actual rbc)

Mature RBS produce ATP only thorugh _______

Glycolysis

What is a cardiac vein function?

Drains blood from myocardium

which vessels supply blood to myocardium?

Left and right coronary arteries and their branches!!

Systole is?

Contraction of the heart

Diastole is?

Relaxation of the heart

Sequence of myocardial contraction and relaxation that constitutes a complete heartbeat. What type of cycle is this?

Cardiac Cycle

Describe how the Cardiac Cycle goes Hint: Atria contracts and...

Atrial(aka atrium) Systole(aka contracts) AND Ventricular Diastole(aka relaxes) *vise versa* Ventricular Systole and Atrial Diastole

What is a Functional Syncytium?

a mass of MERGING cells becoming to a FUNCTIONAL unit

What are the two types of Functional Syncytium

Atrial Syncytium & Ventricular Syncytium

System of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that conduct cardiac impulses from the SA node throughout the myocardium What type of system is this?

CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM

THE _______ is a pacemaker because it initiates heart rhythmic contractions*aka heartbeat*

Sinoatrial Node *SA*

What other name does Subendocardial Conducting Network have?

PURkinje Fibers

What is Bundle Branch Block?

When the purkinje fibers FAILS to contract and relax leading for blood to go do sum kick backing shi

Describe a series of events that happen to conduct a single heart beat Hint: both atria....and ventricles

The atrial contracts(systole) and ventricle relaxes(diastole). Then atrial relaxes(diastole) and ventricles contracts(systole)

a recording of electrical changes in the myocardium during the cardiac cycle What is this machine called?

Electrocardiogram or aka ECG

P wave is what type of polarization which results in what type of movement?

ATRISL DEpolarization aka resulting in atrial CONTRACTION

QRS complex is what type of of polarization, causing what type of action?

Depolarization all throughout, this is done before the CONTRACTION of BOTH ventricles as the atria is going into relaxation mode

What type of polarization does the T wave do and what action does it do?

VENTRICULAR Repolarization aka ventricles relaxing

-During Ventricular systole -AV Valves Close a. lupp b. dupp

LUPP

-During Ventricular diastole -PULMONARY&AORTIC (semilunar) Valves CLOSE a. lupp b. dupp

DUPP

Receive blood from the arteries, and carry it to the capillaries a.Venules b.Veins c.Capillaries d.Arterioles

ARTERIOLES

Receive blood from venules, and carry it back to the atria of the heart a.Venules b.Veins c.Capillaries d.Arterioles

VEINS

Receive blood from the capillaries, and conduct it to veins a.Venules b.Veins c.Capillaries d.Arterioles

VENULES

Sites of exchange of substances between the blood and the body cells a.Venules b.Veins c.Capillaries d.Arterioles

CAPILLARIES

Blood vessels are organs of the cardiovascular system, what vessels count as this?

Capillaries, Venules, Arterioles, Arteries, Veins

Openings in cell membranes and between endothelial cells Found in endocrine glands, kidneys, small intestine a. Continuos b.Fenestrated c.Sinusoidal

Fenestrated

spaces between cells are small cavities Discontinuous Found in liver, spleen, and red bone marrow a. Continuos b.Fenestrated c.Sinusoidal

Sinusoidal

Found in muscle, connective and nervous tissues, and skin a. Continuos b.Fenestrated c.Sinusoidal

Continuous

-Hydrostatic pressure forces molecules through membrane -Pressure is derived from ventricular contraction What type of capillary exchange is this?

Filtration

-Most important method of transfer -Lipid-soluble substances diffuse through cell membrane; water-soluble substances diffuse through membrane channels and slits What type of capillary exchange is this?

Diffusion

-Presence of impermeant solute, such as plasma proteins, inside capillaries creates osmotic pressure -Osmotic pressure draws water into capillaries, opposing filtration -Colloid osmotic pressure refers to pressure due to plasma proteins What type of capillary exchange is this?

Osmotic

What is HEMATOPOISEIS?

It is the FORMATION on blood Hema=blood poiseis = formation?

Where does blood cells originate ?

Red Bone Marrow

What does Hematopoietic Stem Cells Do?

Give rise for MORE STEM CELLS

Myeloid Stem Cells give rise to?

-RBC -WBC -Platelet -oTHER

Why Is RBC have that biconcave disc shape?

To have the cell membrane closer to carry HEMOGLOBIN(aka oxygen)

How can a RBC create ATP from?

GLY-COLYSIS

Which term is used for the process of forming blood cells?

Hematopoisies

What Is the purpose of hemoglobin?

TO TRANSPORT oxygen and CO2 throughout blood

What is ERYTHROPOIETIN?

Kidney / Liver HORMONE influencing rbc formation

How is RBC Production controlled? (hint" not kidney or liver)

Regulated by negative feedback from kidney & Liver

Describe the breakdown of RBC

Shit RBC---> SPLEEN or LIVER(removal) --more brakedown-->HEMOGLOBIN -----more----> GLObin Chains(AHA HEME)----> iron &/or biliVERDIN----->bill => biliRUBIN

Describe how RBC is broken down

1. Old RBC is damaged by going through blood vessels 2. Spleen & Liver detects this and phagocytize RBC 3. Breks into Heme & Globin 4. Globin turns into Amini Acid but also can be reabsorbed by plasma or eaten my macrophages 5. Heme turn into iron & some into biliverdin -Iron is reused for creating of more hemoglobins -Biliverdin turns to bilirubin.../verdin and this is can be used to be secreted by bile and give bile pigment. RUBIN goes into KIDNEY

What are thrombocytes?

aka Platelets They ARE CYTO plasmic fragments of megakaryocytes (location: red bone marrow)

Liquid portion of blood in which platelets & cells are suspended Match the description with the best term

Plasma

Most important Gases?

Oxygen & Carbon dioxide

Lymphocytes with more visible granular stuff in their cytoplasm is called _______; while lymphocytes with the granules less visible are called______

GRANular ; Agranular *ay no granos*

The largest portion in the blood volumes is...

PLASMA

Define hemodiasis

the STOPPAGE of bleeding

What cell is responsible for producing platelets?

Mega Karyo cytes

White blood cells belong the class of cells called ___________.

Leukocytes

Blood is classified as what type of tissue?

Connective

Bio Exam 1/4 Flashcards

Chapters 14(blood),15(cardio vascular),16(lymphatic system)