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Anat > Bio Exam 1/4 > Flashcards

Bio Exam 1/4 Flashcards

Chapters 14(blood),15(cardio vascular),16(lymphatic system)

1
Q

Scientific name for Red Blood Cell
&
General Function

A

Erythocyte- carry oxygen&Co2
Ery = red
Cyte = cell

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2
Q

Scientific Name for White Blood Cell
&
Function

A

Leukocyte- removes parasites&worn out cells
Leu = white
Cyte = cell

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3
Q

Scientific name for Platelet
&
Function

A

Thrombocyte- controls blood loss

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4
Q

What are the names of the five white blood cells? And which are granulocyte/agranulocyte

A

Granulocyte
-Basophils
-Eosinophils
-Neutrophils
AGranulocyte (NOT GRANULATED no sparkle)
-Lymphocyte
-Monocyte

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4
Q

Releases heparin & histamine, promotes inflammation
a. Neutrophil b.Eosinophil c.Basophil

A

c. BASOPHIL

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5
Q

Kills paracites, moderates allergic reactions
a. Neutrophil b.Eosinophil c.Basophil

A

b. EOSINOPHIL

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6
Q

Phagocytizes small particles; first-responders at infection site
a. Neutrophil b.Eosinophil c.Basophil

A

a. NEUTROPHIL

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7
Q

What term is used for the process of forming blood cells?

A

Hematopoiesis

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7
Q

Provides immunity
a.Monocyte b.Lymphocyte

A

LYMPHOCYTE

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8
Q

Sends oxygen poor blood to lungs and unloads Co2 , picks up oxygen
What type of circuit is this?

A

Pulmonary Circuit

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9
Q

Sends oxygen rich blood&nutrients to all body cells. Removes waste
What type of circuit is this?

A

Systemic Circuit

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10
Q

Persons with ABO blood type __________ are sometimes called universal RECIPIENTS.

A

AB Blood

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11
Q

What Component of Blood Accounts For the Largest Proportion of the Blood Volume?

a. Plasma b. White blood cells c. Platelets

A

Plasma

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12
Q

Define Hemostasis.

A

Process that stops bleeding

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13
Q

Type B blood contains __________ antibody in the plasma.

A

Anti Body = AWAY from body(we hate)
ANTIBODY A
aka anti-a

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14
Q

Type A blood contains antigen __________

A

ANTIGEN A

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15
Q

Describe the function of platelets.

A

Decrease blood loss from damaged blood vessels

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16
Q

Describe white blood cels role in a cut?

A
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17
Q

In whole blood, plasma is the _____ abundant

A

MOST

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18
Q

In whole blood the buffy coat is the _____ abundant

A

LEAST

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19
Q

What Would Result When a Patient With Type A Blood Receives a Transfusion of Type B Blood?

A

Agglutination of DONORS(not u the patient) blood cells
(we killed the foreign blud)

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20
Q

WHat is blood?

A

a liquid connective tissue w liquid matrix

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21
Q

What is blood’s formed elements?

A

RED blood Cells, WHITE blood cells, platelets

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22
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

The percentage of RBCs by volume in blood samples

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22
Q

What is the liquid portion of blood called?

A

PLASMA

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23
Q

What is oxyhemoglobin?

A

red blood cell WITH OXYgen

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24
Q

What is the life cycle of a red blood cell from production to destruction?

A

Hemocytoblast
then ErythroBLAST
then Reticulocyte
all previous is done in BONE MARROW
finally ErythroCYTE (actual rbc)

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25
Q

Mature RBS produce ATP only thorugh _______

A

Glycolysis

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26
Q

What is a cardiac vein function?

A

Drains blood from myocardium

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27
Q

which vessels supply blood to myocardium?

A

Left and right coronary arteries and their branches!!

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28
Q

Systole is?

A

Contraction of the heart

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29
Q

Diastole is?

A

Relaxation of the heart

30
Q

Sequence of myocardial contraction and relaxation that constitutes a complete heartbeat.
What type of cycle is this?

A

Cardiac Cycle

31
Q

Describe how the Cardiac Cycle goes
Hint: Atria contracts and…

A

Atrial(aka atrium) Systole(aka contracts) AND Ventricular Diastole(aka relaxes)
vise versa
Ventricular Systole and Atrial Diastole

32
Q

What is a Functional Syncytium?

A

a mass of MERGING cells becoming to a FUNCTIONAL unit

32
Q

What are the two types of Functional Syncytium

A

Atrial Syncytium & Ventricular Syncytium

33
Q

System of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that conduct cardiac impulses from the SA node throughout the myocardium
What type of system is this?

A

CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM

34
Q

THE _______ is a pacemaker because it initiates heart rhythmic contractionsaka heartbeat

A

Sinoatrial Node
SA

35
Q

What other name does Subendocardial Conducting Network have?

A

PURkinje Fibers

36
Q

What is Bundle Branch Block?

A

When the purkinje fibers FAILS to contract and relax leading for blood to go do sum kick backing shi

37
Q

Describe a series of events that happen to conduct a single heart beat
Hint: both atria….and ventricles

A

The atrial contracts(systole) and ventricle relaxes(diastole). Then atrial relaxes(diastole) and ventricles contracts(systole)

38
Q

a recording of electrical changes in the myocardium during the cardiac cycle
What is this machine called?

A

Electrocardiogram
or aka ECG

39
Q

P wave is what type of polarization which results in what type of movement?

A

ATRISL DEpolarization aka resulting in atrial CONTRACTION

40
Q

QRS complex is what type of of polarization, causing what type of action?

A

Depolarization all throughout, this is done before the CONTRACTION of BOTH ventricles as the atria is going into relaxation mode

41
Q

What type of polarization does the T wave do and what action does it do?

A

VENTRICULAR Repolarization aka ventricles relaxing

42
Q

-During Ventricular systole
-AV Valves Close
a. lupp b. dupp

43
Q

-During Ventricular diastole
-PULMONARY&AORTIC (semilunar) Valves CLOSE
a. lupp b. dupp

44
Q

Receive blood from the arteries, and carry it to the capillaries
a.Venules b.Veins c.Capillaries d.Arterioles

A

ARTERIOLES

45
Q

Receive blood from venules, and carry it back to the atria of the heart
a.Venules b.Veins c.Capillaries d.Arterioles

46
Q

Receive blood from the capillaries, and conduct it to veins
a.Venules b.Veins c.Capillaries d.Arterioles

47
Q

Sites of exchange of substances between the blood and the body cells
a.Venules b.Veins c.Capillaries d.Arterioles

A

CAPILLARIES

48
Q

Blood vessels are organs of the cardiovascular system, what vessels count as this?

A

Capillaries, Venules, Arterioles, Arteries, Veins

49
Q

Openings in cell membranes and between endothelial cells
Found in endocrine glands, kidneys, small intestine
a. Continuos b.Fenestrated c.Sinusoidal

A

Fenestrated

50
Q

spaces between cells are small cavities
Discontinuous
Found in liver, spleen, and red bone marrow
a. Continuos b.Fenestrated c.Sinusoidal

A

Sinusoidal

51
Q

Found in muscle, connective and nervous tissues, and skin
a. Continuos b.Fenestrated c.Sinusoidal

A

Continuous

52
Q

-Hydrostatic pressure forces molecules through membrane
-Pressure is derived from ventricular contraction
What type of capillary exchange is this?

A

Filtration

53
Q

-Most important method of transfer
-Lipid-soluble substances diffuse through cell membrane; water-soluble
substances diffuse through membrane channels and slits
What type of capillary exchange is this?

54
Q

-Presence of impermeant solute, such as plasma proteins, inside capillaries
creates osmotic pressure
-Osmotic pressure draws water into capillaries, opposing filtration
-Colloid osmotic pressure refers to pressure due to plasma proteins
What type of capillary exchange is this?

55
Q

What is HEMATOPOISEIS?

A

It is the FORMATION on blood
Hema=blood
poiseis = formation?

56
Q

Where does blood cells originate ?

A

Red Bone Marrow

57
Q

What does Hematopoietic Stem Cells Do?

A

Give rise for MORE STEM CELLS

58
Q

Myeloid Stem Cells give rise to?

A

-RBC
-WBC
-Platelet
-oTHER

59
Q

Why Is RBC have that biconcave disc shape?

A

To have the cell membrane closer to carry HEMOGLOBIN(aka oxygen)

60
Q

How can a RBC create ATP from?

A

GLY-COLYSIS

61
Q

Which term is used for the process of forming blood cells?

A

Hematopoisies

62
Q

What Is the purpose of hemoglobin?

A

TO TRANSPORT oxygen and CO2 throughout blood

63
Q

What is ERYTHROPOIETIN?

A

Kidney / Liver HORMONE influencing rbc formation

64
Q

How is RBC Production controlled? (hint” not kidney or liver)

A

Regulated by negative feedback from kidney & Liver

65
Q

Describe the breakdown of RBC

A

Shit RBC—> SPLEEN or LIVER(removal) –more brakedown–>HEMOGLOBIN —–more—-> GLObin Chains(AHA HEME)—-> iron &/or biliVERDIN—–>bill => biliRUBIN

66
Q

Describe how RBC is broken down

A
  1. Old RBC is damaged by going through blood vessels
  2. Spleen & Liver detects this and phagocytize RBC
  3. Breks into Heme & Globin
  4. Globin turns into Amini Acid but also can be reabsorbed by plasma or eaten my macrophages
  5. Heme turn into iron & some into biliverdin
    -Iron is reused for creating of more hemoglobins
    -Biliverdin turns to bilirubin…/verdin and this is can be used to be secreted by bile and give bile pigment. RUBIN goes into KIDNEY
67
Q

What are thrombocytes?

A

aka Platelets
They ARE CYTO plasmic fragments of megakaryocytes (location: red bone marrow)

68
Q

Liquid portion of blood in which platelets & cells are suspended
Match the description with the best term

69
Q

Most important Gases?

A

Oxygen & Carbon dioxide

70
Q

Lymphocytes with more visible granular stuff in their cytoplasm is called _______; while lymphocytes with the granules less visible are called______

A

GRANular ; Agranular ay no granos

71
Q

The largest portion in the blood volumes is…

72
Q

Define hemodiasis

A

the STOPPAGE of bleeding

73
Q

What cell is responsible for producing platelets?

A

Mega Karyo cytes

74
Q

White blood cells belong the class of cells called ___________.

A

Leukocytes

75
Q

Blood is classified as what type of tissue?

A

Connective

Anat (16 decks)

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