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Bio Exam 2 > Chapter 10 Nervous System Part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Nervous System Part 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Main Cell types of Nervous system?

A

Neuron & Neuroglia

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2
Q

The Peripheral Nervous system is made up of

A

Cranial & Spinal Nerves
(bundles of neurons)

AND GANGLIA

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3
Q

Is sensory Afferent or Efferent

A

Afferent

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3
Q

What does the function of the Nervous System?

A

-Sensory information
-Detects changes
-Processes info–> decision making
+though process
+Memory storage/learning

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4
Q

Is motor Afferent or Efferent

A

Efferent
Effuck u sticks middle finger out

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5
Q

Describe the Afferent division process when used

A

Receptors take in stimuli, convert to impulses—>to CNS—> stimulation is integrated into meaning ex; adds memory, produce thoughts—> conscious/subconscious thoughts made by motor functions

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6
Q

Describe the Efferent division process when used

A

Impulses from CNS carry OUT info to motor functions—>muscle contractions

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7
Q

What is contained in the cell body

A

Microfilaments

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8
Q

Branched receptive
surfaces; a neuron may have many

A

Dendrites

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9
Q

Transmits impulses and
releases neurotransmitters to another
neuron or effector (another neuron, a muscle cell, or a gland cell)
What Part of Neuron is this?

A

Axon

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10
Q

What is a neuroglia function?

A

Protect, support

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11
Q

What is a neurons function?

A

-Conducts impulses
-detect changes

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12
Q

-Many processes extend from cell
body (many dendrites, 1 axon)
-99% of neurons
-Most neurons of CNS, some in
autonomic NS

a.Multipolar b. Bipolar c. Unipolar

A

Multipolar Neuron

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13
Q

-Two processes extend from cell body
(1 dendrite, 1 axon)
-Not that common
-Eyes, ears, nose

a..Multipolar b. Bipolar c. Unipolar

A

Bipolar Neuron

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14
Q

-One process extends from cell body
-Two branches that function as 1 axon
(peripheral and central processes)
-Cell bodies are mainly found in
ganglia of PNS

a.Multipolar b. Bipolar c. Unipolar

A

Unipolar axon

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15
Q

What are the two divisions in Motor

A

Somatic & Autonomic

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16
Q

Gaps in Myelin Sheath between Schwann cells

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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17
Q

Wrapped coating around some PNS axons , composed of layers of Schwann cell membranes and myelin; electrical insulator

A

Myelin Sheath

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17
Q

Mixture of fats & proteins that fill layers made by Schwann cell membranes

A

Myelin

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18
Q

Myelinated axons produce a ______ speed for electrical impulses

A

quicker

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19
Q

Groups of unmyelinatd axons in CNS comprise _____ matter

A

Gray

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20
Q

Function
-Connects neurons to blood vessels, exchanges nutrients and growth factors
-Forms scar tissue
-Regulates ion concentrations such as K+
-Blood Brain Barrier

Which Neuroglia Am I?

A

Astrocytes

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21
Q

rows along axons(nerve fibers), myelinate CNS axons in the brain and spinal cord AND provide STRUCTURAL SUPPORT What am I?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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22
Q

Small, fewer processes, SCATTERED through CNSPhagocytic cells; also provide structural support
What am I?

A

Microglia

23
Q

Satellite Cells Define

A

Provide nutritional SUPPORT and help REGULATE concentrations of ions (neuron cell bodies w/ganglia)

24
Q

What is Resting Membrane Potential?

A

Charge within the cell is “-70mV”
Aka more NEGATIVE than positive
More Na+ outside(positive) than inside K+(inside cell) BUT IS NORMAL this is OG SETTING

25
Q

Whats the number to the Na+/k+ pump

A

3 Na+ OUT of the cell and 2 K+ ions INTO the cell

26
Q

What function does the medulla have?

A

breathing, blood pressure, heart rate,

27
Q

What function does the pons have?

A

Relays and regulates signals

28
Q

Balance and movement are functions from the ______?

A

Cerebellum

29
Q

What is the function from the midbrain?

A

Alertness
Sleep/Wake cycle (circadian rhythim)
Motor Activity

30
Q

Sensory and motor information by the ______?

A

Thalamus

31
Q

Major control over the endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus

32
Q

Whats the difference between the SNS and ANS?

A

SNS
-Motor functions ex:skeletal muscles
-voluntary actions
-Somatic reflexes (ouch hot!)
ANS
-Internal environment
-Breathing, dilate, secrete, digest, repeat
-Endocrine, smooth, cardiac muscle

33
Q

What systems does the ANS also have?

A

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic

34
Q

Increased heart and breathing rate makes it the _____ system
a.parasympathetic b.sympathetic

A

b. Sympathetic

35
Q

what are the roles of neuroglia cells?

A

-Maintain blood brain barrier
-myelin
-cerebrospinal fluid
-

36
Q

What do INTERneurons do?

A

They link neurons to the CNS, are multipolar, and relay information from one part of the CNS to another

37
Q

Na+ going Inside of neuron, causing a positive voltage of +20/30
a. Hyperpolorization b. depolarization c.repolorization d. threshold

A

DEPOLORIZATION

38
Q

STAR shaped cells, found between neurons and blood cells. Supports/holds structures together
What am I?

A

Astrocytes

39
Q

cuboidal/columnar cells
Which Neuroglia am I?

A

Ependyma

40
Q

_____synaptic neuron - neurontransmitter at synapse

A

POST

41
Q

Define Polarity

A

The difference inside and outside the neuron

42
Q

Define Polarized
Define Gradient

A

P; Electrically charged neuron (normal state)
G; high to low concentration

43
Q

What are the 4 types of Neuroglia?

A

Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, Microglia, Ependyma

44
Q

Positive potassium(k+) to low voltage (-95) leaving cell. Returning to resting potential after action potential. K+ channels open, K+ ions rush out making neuron neg but to normal
a. Hyperpolorization b. depolarization c.repolorization d. threshold

A

Repolorization

45
Q

Opens all sodium channels
a. Hyperpolorization b. depolarization c.repolorization d. threshold

A

Threshold Potential (-55mv)

46
Q

Slight overshoot at end of repolarization, in which
potential DROPS BELOW −70 mV for A MOMENT before returning to −70 mV. Potassium is leaving from channels staying open for too long
a. Hyperpolorization b. depolarization c.repolorization d. threshold

A

Hyperpolorization

47
Q

Define threshold potential

A

If enough of stimulation such as sodium(Na+) going in neuron, it reaches its highest charge of -55mV that eventually leads to +30 charge equalling result of action potential

48
Q

What is refectory period?

A

When a neuron cannot generate another action potential after doing one

49
Q

What is Relative Refectory Period?

A

One out of TWO cases:
- ONLY on high intensity stimulus periods, generates another action potential
- Repolarization is NOT complete, and membrane is re-establishing resting potential. Finishing incomplete job

50
Q

Myeling is rich in _____ and prevents ions from crossing the membrane

A

Lipids

51
Q

What is synaptic transmission

A

The transmission of a nerve impulse from one neuron to another

52
Q

Released neurotransmitters cross the _______ and react with specific receptors int eh membrane of postsynaptic neuron

A

Synaptic Cleft

53
Q

_______ _________ Increase permeablility to Na+ ions, bringing membrane CLOSER to threshold; increase LIKELIHOOD of generation more impulses

A

Excitatory Neurotransmitters

54
Q

_______ ________ move membrane FARTHER from threshold to decrease likelihood of generating impulses

A

Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

55
Q

What happens to a neuron that does convergence?

A

Its when ONE neuron receives input from several neurons
Basically collecting to sum up the impulses

56
Q

What happens to a neuron that does divergence?

A

ONE neuron sends impulses to several neurons

Bio Exam 2 (13 decks)

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