Ch 3 Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What Are the Three Major Parts of a Cell?

A

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane

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2
Q

Phosphate heads, describe character

A

hydro philic membrane
<3 WATER

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3
Q

What does cholesterol do to a cell membrane

A

it stabilizes the membrane, keeps it impermeable to water substances

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4
Q

What is the function of membrane proteins

A

Their role is to be receptors and transporters such as be pores, chanels, aka looking over in what’s coming in and coming out

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5
Q

Define the differences between Cytoplasm, cytosol, and cytoskeleton

A

Cytoplasm - liquid(cytosol) that suspends organelles
Cytosol - liquid or aka fluid itself
Cytoskeleton - rod like structures in cytoplasm rods/tubes are proteins

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6
Q

What are ribosomes composed of and what is their function?

A

Protein and RNA
Enzyme activity to connect amino acids to protein synthesis

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7
Q

membrane bound sacs, vesicles, canals
what am I

A

Endoplasmic Recticulum

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8
Q

Whats the difference between Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

RER has ribosomes that help conduct protein synthesis
Smooth ER does NOT have ribosomes but conducts lipid synthesis

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9
Q

Store and transport
Membranous sacs
What am I

A

Vesicle

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10
Q

Sacs of flattened membranous sacs
store and transport substances

A

Vesicle

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11
Q

Sacs of flattened membranous sacs
Refines, packages, and delivers
What am I

A

Golgi apparatus

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12
Q

A cell membrane is _______ permeable

A

Selectively

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13
Q

An organelle called _______ functions in protein synthesis

A

ribosome

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13
Q

Active transport is a process that moves particles through a membrane from a region of ____ concentration to a region of ___ concentration

A

low to high

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14
Q

The diffusion of WATER through selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmosis
ex
movement of water across permeable membrane to the side with more sodium in it

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15
Q

What process brings large particles into the cell in a vesicle formed from a portion of the cell membrane?

A

Endocytosis

16
Q

What is cilia and flagella

A

Cilia: extension of cell membrane, move substances by gliding them; fringe like
Flagella: extension of cell membrane but moves the entire cell itself

17
Q

What is microvilli’s function

A

Also extension of cell membrane, function is to INCREASE surface area for absorption

18
Q

What is the nucleolus made of and its function

A

RNA and protein

Its a site for ribosome production

19
Q

Higher osmotic pressure; cells LOSE water
a. isotonic b. hypertonic c. hypotonic

A

HYPERtonic solution

19
Q

What is chromatin consist of and its function

A

Cells chromosomes

Stores information for protein synthesis

+the spiderlike strings

20
Q

Diffusion across the cell membrane through ion channels or transporters

A

Facilitated diffusion

21
Q

Low osmotic pressure; cell GAIN water
a. isotonic b. hypertonic c. hypotonic

A

HYPOtonic solution
Hypo = fat

22
Q

what are the 4 Phases of mitosis? Describe them

A

Prophase
Condenses DNA into chromosomes
Metaphase
Chromosomes lines up in middle
Anaphase
Chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell
Telophase
chromosomes return to original structure

23
Q

How many chromosomes are there in one cell?

A

46

24
Q

Cytokinesis

A

When there’s two separate cells and cleavage furrow forms and officially separates cells

25
Q

The first step of cellular respiration that takes place in the cytoplasm is known
as

A

GLycosis

26
Q

The atoms of isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of

A

Neutrons