Ch 3 Cells Flashcards
What Are the Three Major Parts of a Cell?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
Phosphate heads, describe character
hydro philic membrane
<3 WATER
What does cholesterol do to a cell membrane
it stabilizes the membrane, keeps it impermeable to water substances
What is the function of membrane proteins
Their role is to be receptors and transporters such as be pores, chanels, aka looking over in what’s coming in and coming out
Define the differences between Cytoplasm, cytosol, and cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm - liquid(cytosol) that suspends organelles
Cytosol - liquid or aka fluid itself
Cytoskeleton - rod like structures in cytoplasm rods/tubes are proteins
What are ribosomes composed of and what is their function?
Protein and RNA
Enzyme activity to connect amino acids to protein synthesis
membrane bound sacs, vesicles, canals
what am I
Endoplasmic Recticulum
Whats the difference between Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
RER has ribosomes that help conduct protein synthesis
Smooth ER does NOT have ribosomes but conducts lipid synthesis
Store and transport
Membranous sacs
What am I
Vesicle
Sacs of flattened membranous sacs
store and transport substances
Vesicle
Sacs of flattened membranous sacs
Refines, packages, and delivers
What am I
Golgi apparatus
A cell membrane is _______ permeable
Selectively
An organelle called _______ functions in protein synthesis
ribosome
Active transport is a process that moves particles through a membrane from a region of ____ concentration to a region of ___ concentration
low to high
The diffusion of WATER through selectively permeable membrane
Osmosis
ex
movement of water across permeable membrane to the side with more sodium in it
What process brings large particles into the cell in a vesicle formed from a portion of the cell membrane?
Endocytosis
What is cilia and flagella
Cilia: extension of cell membrane, move substances by gliding them; fringe like
Flagella: extension of cell membrane but moves the entire cell itself
What is microvilli’s function
Also extension of cell membrane, function is to INCREASE surface area for absorption
What is the nucleolus made of and its function
RNA and protein
Its a site for ribosome production
Higher osmotic pressure; cells LOSE water
a. isotonic b. hypertonic c. hypotonic
HYPERtonic solution
What is chromatin consist of and its function
Cells chromosomes
Stores information for protein synthesis
+the spiderlike strings
Diffusion across the cell membrane through ion channels or transporters
Facilitated diffusion
Low osmotic pressure; cell GAIN water
a. isotonic b. hypertonic c. hypotonic
HYPOtonic solution
Hypo = fat
what are the 4 Phases of mitosis? Describe them
Prophase
Condenses DNA into chromosomes
Metaphase
Chromosomes lines up in middle
Anaphase
Chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell
Telophase
chromosomes return to original structure
How many chromosomes are there in one cell?
46
Cytokinesis
When there’s two separate cells and cleavage furrow forms and officially separates cells
The first step of cellular respiration that takes place in the cytoplasm is known
as
GLycosis
The atoms of isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of
Neutrons
