Ch 19 Respiratory Flashcards
By changing breathing rate, the PCO2 of the blood is changed, leading to a change in blood pH.
This is called?
Physiological buffer
The walls of alveoli are comprised of __________ epithelium.
Simple squamous epithelium
Where does gas exchange between inhaled air and bloodstream occur?
Alveoli
The movement of air in and out of the lungs.
What is this called?
VENTilation
Warms, filters, and moistens air as it enters respiratory tract
What structure is this?
Nasal cavity
Reduces weight of skull; voice modulation
What structure is this?
Paranasal Sinuses
Voice production
What organ is this?
Larynx
ex LA LA LA-rynx
Conveys air from nasal cavity to larynx
What organ is this?
Pharynx
Conveys air from larynx to bronchial tree
What organ is this?
Trachea
Structure Entry point for airflow during inspiration
What organ is this?
Nose
Branching structures carrying air to alveoli
What organ is this?
Bronchial Tree
Diaphragm contracts; thoracic cavity expands; intra-alveolar pressure drops; air flows into lungs.
What event this is?
Inspiration
exchange of gas of alveoli & blood = transportation to tissues
INternal respiration
Gas exchange between alveolar AIR and blood (or air & lungs)
EXTERnal respiration
Use of oxygen for metabolic reactions within cells
INTERnal respiration
When carbon dioxide combines with water, the compound becomes ?
Carbon +water
Carbonic Acid
It consists of two cyclic phases: __________ , which brings air into the lungs and expiration , which forces air out of the lungs. What is this called
Inspiration respiration
This gas is then transported by the blood to __________ cells.
TISSUE
The gas that diffuses from the alveolus, across the respiratory membrane, and into the pulmonary capillary is __________
OXYgen
Exchange of gases between atmosphere & body cells
What is this called?
RESpiration
aka breathing
What function are from the respiratory system?
-Blood pH balance
-sense of smell
-water concentration of air
-produce vocal sounds
-temp control
-filter air
What are the upper parts of the respiratory system?
Uhh Not Nancy Smiling Purposely Lately
Nose
Nasal Cavity
Sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx
oxygen used for adrenose triphosphate(ATP)
What is this event called?
CELLular Respiration
List the large cartilages in the larynx
Thyroid(Adams apple)
Cricoid
Epiglottic
list the smaller cartilages in the larynx
Amanda Can Catch
Aryteniod
Corniculate
Cuneiform
Boyles law consists of if inside alevoli ______ it causes to pull ______ air into lungs
decreases; more
talks about equilibrium
What happens to O2 that doesn’t go into RBC?
it turns into plasma
passageway of the airway in lung
lobe (connection to lymph & blood vessels)
lobule
terminal bronchioles
alveoli nerves –blood &lymph vessels
Events in inspiration
Phrenic nerve pulses = muscle contraction in diaphragm
Diaphragm moves DOWN & muscles may raise ribs
INTRa alveolar pressure decreases
Atmosphereic pressure become greater bc forced air into respiratory tract
LUNGS FILL W/AIR
Events in EXpiration
Diaphragm/muscles RELAX
Lungs RECOIL & surface tension @ alevolar walls
Recoil = INCREASE intra alveolar pressure(less air = high al pressure)
AIR FORCED OUT
What are the major respiratory areas? Describe them
Ventral = RHYTHYM OF BREATH
Dorsal= modifies (ventral) activity for spefs situation
ones inspiration and expiration makes an event called
Respiratory Cycle
Vital capacity varies depending on…
gender, age, body size
what are the three types of respiratory volumes. describe characteristics
-inspiratory reserve volume
amount of air that can be inhaled ADDITION to tidal vol
-expiratory reserve volume
amount of air that can be Exhaled ADDITION to tidal
-residual volume
air that remains in lungs after forceful
Internal =
External =
Tissues
Lungs
________ is between the pharynx and trachea
LARYNX
Which larynx cartilage is the largest?
a. Thyroid b.Cricoid c. Epiglottic
Thyroid
Which larynx cartilage is elastic?
a. Thyroid b.Cricoid c.Epiglottic
Epiglottic
The smaller cartilages in the larynx regulates the _______ and help _______ the larynx
vocal cord tension ; close
The pharynx can be split into three parts, name them
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Frontal, Spheniod, ethmoid, maxillary are part of the parental sinuses
True or False
True
What is the larynx composed of?
(hint: think of the actions it makes)
muscle & connective tissue
True coal cords are superior to false vocal cords
True or False
FALSEE
The trachea is LINED with ?
CILIATED mucous membrane
_______ is a respiratory tube w/the absence of cartilage
Bronchioles
The trachea has _______ on the INNER portion
Goblet Cells
Thin walled microscopic pushes, used for air
a.interlobar bronchioles b.alveoli c.Alveolar sacs
b. ALVEOLI
Sympathetic nervous system causes broncho___ = bigger, more air
DILATION
Parasympathetic nervous system causes____ = contraction
constriction
clusters of alveoli; surrounds terminal ends of alveolar duct
a. alveolar sacs b. alveoli c.bronchioels
a. ALVEOLAR SACS
______ is considered soft, spongy, “cone-shaped”
LUNGs
The _______ is a medial surface between both lungs in which contained blood vessels, nerves, bronchus enters
Hilium
the viscera pleura is
a. attached to surface b. lines outer surface
a. attached to surface
ONLY structures that contain ______ can perform gas exchange
a. alveoli b.stratified epithelium c. bronchioles
a. ALVEOLI
The pleural cavity secretes ______ fluid to reduce friction during respiration
Serious
What is the difference between respiration and ventilation?
Ventilation is mechanical and involves the movement of air. Respiration involves the exchange of gases in the alveoli (external respiration) and in the cells (internal respiration)
Inspiration = inhaling
no answer just advice
Boyles law consists of
Pressure + volume equalling proportional to each other
________ is a measurement of air
Spirometer
vital capacities varies with,,,,,
age, body size, gender
ventral respiratory group consists of
a.modifying the activity b.basic rhythm of breathing
b. “basic rhythm of breathing”
aka maintain inspiration/expiratin rhythm
Partial pressure is the pressure….
one gas contributes within the mixture of gases
dorsal respiratory group consists of
a.modifying the activity b.basic rhythm of breathing
a. “modifying the activity from ventral respiratory group”
changes out of physical needs
What factors affects breathing rate
-Hydrogen concentration In body fluids
-Emotional state
-Chemoreceptors responding to O & CO
small opening in walls between alveoli permiting air to pass one alveolis to another
which is it?
a. alveolar poles b.alveoli macrophages
a. Alveolar Poles
clean alveoli respiratory membrane
a. alveolar poles b.alveoli macrophages
b. Alveoli Macrophages
_______ _________- when gasses enter blood, dissolved in plasma or chemically combine w/other substances
Gas Transport
