Respiratory Tract Infections

Question 1

What are the 4 types of conditions which effect the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 1

Common cold
Sore throat
Sinusitis
Epiglottis. Slide 3

Question 2

When doing for a viral throat swab what types of virus are you looking for?

Answer 2

Influenza A and B
RSV
Adenovirus
Enterovirus
Rhinovirus
e.t.c
Slide 4

Question 3

What are the symptoms of strep throat?

Answer 3

Exudate
Pus
Sore throat
Dysphagia and dysphonia. Slide 5

Question 4

What is Quincy?

Answer 4

A complication of tonsillitis and is a tonsilar abscess which can be drained. Slide 6

Question 5

What is epiglottitis?

Answer 5

Epiglottis becomes infected and swells up. Occurs often in small children. Slide 8

Question 6

What are the range of conditions (5) of the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 6

Acute bronchitis
Acute exacerbation of COPD
Pneumonia
Influenza
Fungal Infection. Slide 9

Question 7

What is the common cold? and what is it caused by?

Answer 7

It is an acute viral infection of the nasal passages caused by adenovirus, rhinovirus and RSV. Slide 10+11

Question 8

What are symptoms of Sinusitis?

Answer 8

Frontal headache and maxillary sinus pain.
Purulent nasal discharge
Toothache. Slide 12

Question 9

Why is diptheria life threatening?

Answer 9

Due to the toxin production. Slide 14

Question 10

What is acute bronchitis and what are the symptoms?

Answer 10

Thickening of the bronchi due to inflammation.

Symptoms are a productive cough, fever and a transient wheeze, they’re similar to asthma. Slide 16

Question 11

How do you treat acute bronchitis?

Answer 11

Self limiting in normal people so for them no antibiotics.

However in patients with a chronic lung disease then it can lead to morbidity. Slide 17

Question 12

On examination what is heard when a patient has acute exacerbations of COPD?

Answer 12

Respiratory distress
Wheee
Coarse crackles
Cyanosed. Slide 20

Question 13

What is the management of an acute exacerbation of COPD in primary care?

Answer 13

Antibiotic (amoxicillin)
Bronchodilator inhalers
Short course of steroids sometimes. Slide 21

Question 14

What are some symptoms of pneumonia?

Answer 14

Malaise
Anorexia
Sweats
Rigors
Confusion
Pleurisy
Haemoptysis
Diarrhoea 
Cough. Slide 28

Question 15

What are the signs of pneumonia?

Answer 15

Fever
Rigors
Herpes Labialis
Tachypnoea
Crackles
Pleural rub
Cyanosis
Hypotension. Slide 29

Question 16

What investigations should occur when testing for pneumonia?

Answer 16

Blood culture
Arterial gases
Full blood count
Urea
Liver function
Chest X-ray. Slide 33

Question 17

What is the CURB 65 score and how does it work?

Answer 17

Measures the severity for community acquired pneumonia.
C: confusion
U: urea
R: resp rate
B: bp
65: 65+
1 point score for each of the above. Slide 36

Question 18

What happens to the CURB 65 score if the patient has COPD?

Answer 18

There is a 10% increase in mortality. Slide 38

Question 19

What factors from the patient can help predict the organism?

Answer 19

Age (young or old)
Severity
Immuno-competent?
Chronic illness?
Lifestyle. Slide 49

Question 20

What do you have to be careful about with children?

Answer 20

They compensate very well for being unwell so appear good, however they can decompensate very quickly going from a CURB 65 score of 0 to 4 within a short period of time. Slide 52

Question 21

What are the complications of pneumonia?

Answer 21

Respiratory failure
Pleural effusion
Empyema
Death. Slide 57