Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards
What are the 4 types of conditions which effect the upper respiratory tract?
Common cold
Sore throat
Sinusitis
Epiglottis. Slide 3
When doing for a viral throat swab what types of virus are you looking for?
Influenza A and B RSV Adenovirus Enterovirus Rhinovirus e.t.c Slide 4
What are the symptoms of strep throat?
Exudate
Pus
Sore throat
Dysphagia and dysphonia. Slide 5
What is Quincy?
A complication of tonsillitis and is a tonsilar abscess which can be drained. Slide 6
What is epiglottitis?
Epiglottis becomes infected and swells up. Occurs often in small children. Slide 8
What are the range of conditions (5) of the lower respiratory tract?
Acute bronchitis Acute exacerbation of COPD Pneumonia Influenza Fungal Infection. Slide 9
What is the common cold? and what is it caused by?
It is an acute viral infection of the nasal passages caused by adenovirus, rhinovirus and RSV. Slide 10+11
What are symptoms of Sinusitis?
Frontal headache and maxillary sinus pain.
Purulent nasal discharge
Toothache. Slide 12
Why is diptheria life threatening?
Due to the toxin production. Slide 14
What is acute bronchitis and what are the symptoms?
Thickening of the bronchi due to inflammation.
Symptoms are a productive cough, fever and a transient wheeze, they’re similar to asthma. Slide 16
How do you treat acute bronchitis?
Self limiting in normal people so for them no antibiotics.
However in patients with a chronic lung disease then it can lead to morbidity. Slide 17
On examination what is heard when a patient has acute exacerbations of COPD?
Respiratory distress
Wheee
Coarse crackles
Cyanosed. Slide 20
What is the management of an acute exacerbation of COPD in primary care?
Antibiotic (amoxicillin)
Bronchodilator inhalers
Short course of steroids sometimes. Slide 21
What are some symptoms of pneumonia?
Malaise Anorexia Sweats Rigors Confusion Pleurisy Haemoptysis Diarrhoea Cough. Slide 28
What are the signs of pneumonia?
Fever Rigors Herpes Labialis Tachypnoea Crackles Pleural rub Cyanosis Hypotension. Slide 29
What investigations should occur when testing for pneumonia?
Blood culture Arterial gases Full blood count Urea Liver function Chest X-ray. Slide 33
What is the CURB 65 score and how does it work?
Measures the severity for community acquired pneumonia.
C: confusion
U: urea
R: resp rate
B: bp
65: 65+
1 point score for each of the above. Slide 36
What happens to the CURB 65 score if the patient has COPD?
There is a 10% increase in mortality. Slide 38
What factors from the patient can help predict the organism?
Age (young or old) Severity Immuno-competent? Chronic illness? Lifestyle. Slide 49
What do you have to be careful about with children?
They compensate very well for being unwell so appear good, however they can decompensate very quickly going from a CURB 65 score of 0 to 4 within a short period of time. Slide 52
What are the complications of pneumonia?
Respiratory failure
Pleural effusion
Empyema
Death. Slide 57
