Biochemistry - Acid Base Balance

Question 1

What is the equation of acid base equilibrium with H+ ions?

Answer 1

H + HCO3 = H2CO3 = CO2 + H2O. SLide 8

Question 2

H+ ions are proportional to….

Answer 2

The concentration of CO2. Slide 9

Question 3

Which compound is the respiratory and metabolic component?

Answer 3

Respiratory = pCO2
Metabolic = HCO3. Slide 10

Question 4

What would be respiratory acidosis and why?

Answer 4

Increased concentration of CO2, would cause an increase in the H+ ion conc. Slide 12

Question 5

What would be metabolic alkalosis and why?

Answer 5

An increase in the concentration of HCO3, which would therefor cause a decrease in the H+ ion conc. Slide 12

Question 6

What would happen if there were too many H+ ions?

Answer 6

The excess H+ ions are mopped up by the HCO3 and and this creates more CO2. This means that CO2 needs to be lost. Slide 15

Question 7

What happens in the metabolic rate compensation for respiratory acidosis?

Answer 7

CO2 diffuses into renal tubular cell and combines with H2O to form HCO3. H+ ions created as another product move into renal lumen and are excreted in urine. Slide 19

Question 8

When would someone have too little H+ ions and what would happen to compensate it?

Answer 8

If someone had pyloric stenosis and vomited and lost lots of acid.
Your body wants more CO2 to make more H+ ions so respiratory acidosis is used through hypoventilation to increase the pCO2. However it is limmited by hypoxia. Slide 20

Question 9

What are 3 causes of respiratory acidosis and 3 causes of respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 9

Acidosis: Choking, bronchopneumonia and COAD
Alkalosis: Hysterical over breathing, mechanical over-ventilation and raised intercranial pressure. Slide 22

Question 10

What are 3 causes of metabolic acidosis and 3 causes of metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 10

Acidosis: Impaired H excretion, increased H production, loss of HCO3.
Alkalosis: Loss of H+ in vomit, alkali ingestion and potassium deficiency. Slide 23