Oxygen and Respiratory Failure

Question 1

What are the 2 types of respiratory failure and what do each mean?

Answer 1

Type 1 and type 2 respiratory failure.
Type 1: Short of O2
Type 2: Short of O2 and too much CO2. Slide 4

Question 2

When giving O2 in A&E what levels of FiO2 should you be giving?

Answer 2

A controlled amount of FiO2 to raise their SATs to 95-98. Not 100 as if their lungs are damaged and their stats are 100 then you will not detect the drop in pO2 as it is on the flat part of the curve. Slide 19

Question 3

What causes the SATs probe to be pointless?

Answer 3

If someones SaO2 >98%, unless they’re off of oxygen. Slide 22

Question 4

What are the 3 reasons some patients can retain CO2?

Answer 4

V/Q mismatching - CO2 cannot be ventilated out and it goes back into the blood.
The Haldane Effect - If there is high CO2 then CO2 occupies empty sites on Hb.
Hypoxic Drive - Chronic hypercarbia causes desensitisation to CO2 chemo receptors as they always have high CO2. Slide 30

Question 5

What can a decrease in O2 binding to Hb?

Answer 5

Blood loss
Sickle Cell 
Vitamin B12/Folate
Cyanide
CO
Slide 42+43

Question 6

What can external causes can limit your breathing?

Answer 6

Anaphylaxis
Herion injection
Severe scoliosis
Obesity. Slide 48

Question 7

When should SaO2 be between 88-92%?

Answer 7

People at risk of chronic type 2 respiratory failure. Slide 63

Question 8

What are normal SaO2 when checked?

Answer 8

94-98%. Slide 64

Question 9

When should all O2 be given?

Answer 9

Cardiac arrest, multiple trauma injuries, severe sepsis and anaphylaxis. Slide 62