Anatomy - Cough Reflex

Question 1

What sensory receptors stimulate sneezing in the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 1

CN V or IX, Slide 3

Question 2

What sensory receptors stimulate coughing in the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 2

CN IX or X. Slide 3

Question 3

What is the pectoralis major attached to and when can it pull the ribs up and outwards?

Answer 3

Attaches between the sternum, ribs and humerus.

If can pull the ribs up and out if the upper limb is in a fixed position. Slide 9

Question 4

What other 2 muscles help increase breathing?

Answer 4

Pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid and scalenus muscles. Slide 9

Question 5

How does the rima glottidis close?

Answer 5

The skeletal muscles are stimulated by the vagus nerve and cause the adduction of the vocal cords. Slide 11

Question 6

What are the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles?

Answer 6

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominus. Slide 16

Question 7

What direction does the muscle run in the external oblique and what does it attach to?

Answer 7

Run in hands in pockets direction.

Attaches to the superficial border of the lower ribs, iliac crest and the pubic tubercle. Slide 17

Question 8

What is the linea semilunaris?

Answer 8

Where the external oblique ends to begin to form the aponeurosis. Slide 17

Question 9

What direction does the internal oblique run and what does it attach to?

Answer 9

Runs in hands on chest direction.

They attach to the inferior border of the lower ribs, iliac crest and the thoracolumbar fascia. Slide 18

Question 10

Where does the transversus abdominus attach?

Answer 10

Deep parts of the lower ribs, iliac crest and the thoracolumbar fascia. Slide 19

Question 11

What is the rectus sheath and what is beneficial about the tendinous intersections on the rectus abdominus?

Answer 11

The rectus sheath is the aponeuroses from the 3 other muscles.
Tendinous intersections divide the 2 flat muscles into more quadrate muscles improving mechanical efficiency. Slide 20

Question 12

What makes up the thoracoabdominal nervers?

Answer 12

Subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve and the ilioinguinal nerve. Slide 21

Question 13

What is the subcostal nerve?

Answer 13

T12 anterior ramus. Slide 21

Question 14

What makes up the iliohypogastirc nerve and the ilioinguinal nerve?

Answer 14

Half of L1 anterior ramus and the other half of it. Slide 21

Question 15

What do the anterolateral abdominal and rectus abdominus muscles do?

Answer 15

Maintain posture, support the vertebral column and movements of it.
Allow guarding of the abdominal viscera. Slide 22

Question 16

How do you cough?

Answer 16

Stimulate the sensory receptors in the oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx and respiratory tree.
Then there is a deep inspiration and closure of the rima glottidis. THe contraction of the abdominal muscles to build up intra-abdominal pressure and this builds pressure in the chest. The rima glottidis suddenly opens and the soft palate closes off the nasopharynx to produce a cough than a sneeze. Slide 23