Pathology - Pulmonary Vascular and Pleural Disease Flashcards
What blood vessels make up the pulmonary circulations?
Pulmonary arteries and bronchial arteries. Slide 2
Pulmonary circulation is a high pressure system. True or false?
False, it is low pressure. Slide 2
What is pulmonary oedema and is it restrictive or obstructive?
Accumulation in the interstitium or alveolar spaces in the lung.
Is restrictive. Slide 4
What causes pulmonary oedema?
Increase in hydrostatic pressure and cellular injury e.g. damage to alveolar lining cells and endothelium. Slide 5
What are causes of ARDS?
Sepsis, diffuse infection, severe trauma, oxygen. Slide 6
What are the pathological signs of ARDS?
Fibrinous exudate lining alveolar walls
Cellular regeneration
Inflammation. Slide 8
What are the outcomes of ARDS?
Death, resolution or fibrosis. Slide 11
What are the risk factors of a DVT in the blood?
Factors in vessel wall
Abnormal blood flow
Hypercoaguable blood. Basically Virchow’s triad. Slide 20
What are the 3 things the effects of a PE depends on?
Size of embolus
Cardiac function
Respiratory function. Slide 22
If there is a small emboli, what are the effects?
Clinically silent, recurrent pulmonary hypertension. Slide 23
What is pulmonary infarct?
Death of tissue due to lack of blood supply. Slide 25
What can cause pulmonary hypertension?
Hypoxia, increased flow through pulmonary circulation, blockage/loss of vascular bed and back pressure from left sided heart failure. Slide 29
What morphological changes does pulmonary hypertension cause?
Medial hypertrophy of arteries Fibrosis Atheroma Right V hypertrophy Slide 30
What is cor pulmonale?
Heart disease due to lung disease.
Clinically seen as right ventricular hypertrophy
Right ventricular dilation
Right heart failure. Slide 34
If there was a pleural effusion due to cardiac failure or hypoproteinaemia, what would the pleural effusion be?
Transudate (low proteins). Slide 38
