Respiratory System II

Question 1

The components of the intrapulmonary conduting airways include?

Answer 1

bronchi and brochioles

Question 2

The Pluera

Answer 2

• pleural cavities: house the right and left lungs

- pleura: lining of pleural cavities and the external surface of the lungs

Question 3

Is there high elastic fibre content in the lung?

Answer 3

yes!!

• capsules
• alveolar lining

Question 4

Transitional zone of the respiratory bronchioles

Answer 4

1st region to allow gas exchange
-histological appearance similar to terminal bronchioles
EXCEPT epithelium interupted by alveoli

Question 5

Layers of respiratory bronchioles

Answer 5

mucosa
-simple cuboidal/columnar epithelium
-interrupted by simple squamous epithelium
lamina propria- very reduced; elastic fibres
muscularis mucosae

Question 6

Alveolar sac

Answer 6

alveolar duct
-leads from respiratory bronchiole
-elongated air passage with almost no walls
Ends in alveolar sac
-cluster of alveoli surround the sac and open into it

Question 7

Describe type 1 and type 2 pneumocytes

Answer 7

type one - squamous alveolar epithelial cells
-responsible for gas exchange
type two- large cuboidal to round cell with central nucleus
-produce surfactant

Question 8

3 major components of the blood-air barrier

Answer 8

endothelial cells- cytoplasm
fused basal laminae of alveolar and endothelial cells
alveolar cell- lining and cytoplasm

Question 9

2 types of alveolar macrophages

Answer 9

free: within alveolar space/lumen
fixed: within the alveolar septa

Question 10

Function of alveolar macrophages

Answer 10

function: phagocytosis and removal of unwanted material
- most common: carbon
- monocyte leaves circulation at destination (this case lung) to complete differentiation into macrophage