Respiratory System 1 Conduction region

Question 1

General anatomy of tubular organs

Answer 1

tunica mucosa
-epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae
tunica submucosa
-CT (dense irregular), BV, nerve, lymphatics, glands
tunica muscularis
-outer longitundinal
-inner circular smooth muscle
Tunca adventitia
-CT
-serous membrane (mesothelium) lines the CT

Question 2

Primary functions of respiratory system

Answer 2

air conduction
breathing- inhalation, exhalation
modification or conditioning of air: protection

Question 3

The respiratory tract is made of the ____ portion and the _____ portion

Answer 3

conducting portion

respiratory portion

Question 4

Typical respiratory epithelium is formed from

Answer 4

ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelium

Question 5

What are the function of goblet cells

Answer 5

-synthesize and secrete mucous

Question 6

Ciliated cells

Answer 6

tall columnar cells with cilia

Question 7

Brush cells

Answer 7

columnar cells that bear microvili - act as sensory receptors

Question 8

basal cells

Answer 8

stem/progenitor cells of other cells along basal lamina do NOT extend to luminal surface

Question 9

Lamina propria

Answer 9

high vascular, mucous glands

-high vasculature in lamina propria to condition/modify air-warming air on cool day

Question 10

Respiratory epithelium ultrastructure

Answer 10

ciliated cells- numerous mitochondira
mucous (goblet) cells- many mucous droplets
brush cells (not shown here)- bear microvilli; sensory receptors
basal cells- round cells

Question 11

Cells of the bronchial tree epithelium

Answer 11

TRE (typical respiratory epithelium)
-ciliated
-basal cells
-secretory cells- goblet cells
Bronchiolar epithelium
-simple cuboidal 
-ciliated cells
-secretory cells- clara cells

Question 12

Olfactory epithelium is formed from

Answer 12

high (thick) ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelium

Question 13

Lamina propria of oflactory epithelium

Answer 13

• filia olfactoria- bundles of non-myelinated nerve fibres project to olfactory bulb
• bwoman’s gland
• highly vasuclar

Question 14

Vomeronasal organ

Answer 14

aka jacobson’s organ
in all mammals- even whales
pheromone sensing

Question 15

Layers of the trachea wall

Answer 15

mucosa
-epithelium= TRE
-lamina propria= CT below epithelium; very cellular; elastic fibres
submucosa
-denser; more elastic CT
-submucosal (tracheal) glands
muscularis
-reduced to trachealis muscle, located between open ends of cartilage rings
-c-shaped hyaline cartilage rings 
Adventitia
-ct binds trachea to adjacent structures
-outside of cartilage rings

Question 16

Trachea bifurcates into?

Answer 16

two primary bronchi that enter at hilum

-once inside lungs cartilage rings transfer into cartilage plates

Question 17

Layers of the bronchus wall

Answer 17

mucosa
-TRE; height of cells decreases
-lamina propria-contains elastic fibres
-muscularis mucosae- SM of trachealis becomes the muscle
Submucosa
-glands live here (submucosal;bronchial)
Muscularis
-contunuous layer of SM in larger bronchi; attenuated and loosely arranged in smaller bronchi
-cartilage plates within this region
Adventita
-outside the cartilage; continuous with structure surrounding

Question 18

2 types of bronchioles include?

Answer 18

terminal- conducting; give rise to respiratory surrounding

respiratory– transition b/w conduction region and respiratory region

Question 19

Layers of the terminal bronchioles

Answer 19

mucosa
-simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium 
-lamina propria- contains elastic fibres
-muscularis mucosae 
Submucosa
-CT similar to lamina propria but NOT extensive