Cardiovascular II Blood Flashcards
Common stain
romanowsky-type stain
- mixture of eosin and azure dyes, methylene blue
- allows for a spectrum of colours –> polychromasia - eosin- acid dye; stains basic elements (Hb) red-pink
- azure dye- basic dye; stains primary granules reddish-purple (azurphilia)
- mmethylene blue- basic dye; stains acidic cellular element variations of blue
Blood cells
erytrhocytes- RBC
Leukocytes- WBC, granulocytes (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil), agranulocytes (monocyte, lymphocyte)
Central pallor
pale centre area representing the bioncave shape of RBC
Crenation
RBC appears spiky; due to exposure of RBCs to ambient air, uremia, excess EDTA during blood sampling
Anisocytosis
presence of unequally sized RBCs- can indicate anemia
Rouleaux
tendency of RBCs to aggregate and form rows/stacks
Erythrocytes
function- high surface area for gas exchance characteristics -anucleate in mammals -nucleated in birds/reptiles -biconcave and round in most species -stain uniformly with eosin
Species variation in RBCs
canine -more pronounced central pallor -minimal anisocytosis feline -smaller than canine -minimal to no central pallor -rouleaux common Equine -size is similar to feline -minimal to no central pallor -rouleaux common Bovine -minimal to no central pallor -moderate to marked anisocytosis -absence of rouleaux Camelids -elliptical -anucleated Avian -elliptical/oval -nucleated
Neutrophils are the predominant leukocytes in?
dogs, cats, horses, humans
Function of neutrophils include
highly phagocytic
engulf and kill microorganisms
highly motile
release pro-inflammatory chemical signals
Characteristics of neutrophils
segmented nucleus that’s multilobal
cytoplasm granules
Mitochondria few in number
Primary and secondary cytoplasmic granules are often ______ in neutrophils
indistinguishable
Eosinophils circulate for _____ hours and then reside in tissues _____ days
18
12
function of eosinophils
mediate allergic reactions
associated with parasitic infection/chronic inflammation
CHaracteristics of eosinophils
bilobed nucleus
prominents cytoplasmic granules
-specific (secondary) granules
-auzrophilic (primary) granules (lysosomes)
Basophil function
least common leukocyte
Function
-enter tissue in response to inflammation and chemotaxins
-granules contain heparine, histamine, leukotriens (interluekins)–> responsible for anaphylaxis
Characteristics of basophils
bilobed nucleus
specific (secondary) granules- usually stain darker than nucleus
some mitochondria
Fuction of lymphocytes
key role in immune response
routine surveillance against foreign antigns
Characteristics of lymphocytes
variable in size
clear, lightly basophilic cytoplasmic rim
nucleus is round or indented and may see nucleoli
Monocyte function
function
- high phagocytic
- enter tissues to differentiate into many phagocytes (macrophages )
Characteristics of monocytes
lavender to lightly basophilic cytoplasm
ameboid nucleus- usually round or indented
cytoplasmic vacuoles often evident
Platelets function
involved in hemostasis - control of bleeding
continuous surveillance of BVs, blood clot formation, injury repair in tissue
Characteristics of platelets
discoid but appear round(ish) on blood smear
anucleated
varying degrees of granulation
What are platelets called in birds
thrombocytes- they ARE nucleated
