Cardiovascular II Blood

Question 1

Common stain

Answer 1

romanowsky-type stain

• mixture of eosin and azure dyes, methylene blue
  - allows for a spectrum of colours –> polychromasia
• eosin- acid dye; stains basic elements (Hb) red-pink
• azure dye- basic dye; stains primary granules reddish-purple (azurphilia)
• mmethylene blue- basic dye; stains acidic cellular element variations of blue

Question 2

Blood cells

Answer 2

erytrhocytes- RBC

Leukocytes- WBC, granulocytes (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil), agranulocytes (monocyte, lymphocyte)

Question 3

Central pallor

Answer 3

pale centre area representing the bioncave shape of RBC

Question 4

Crenation

Answer 4

RBC appears spiky; due to exposure of RBCs to ambient air, uremia, excess EDTA during blood sampling

Question 5

Anisocytosis

Answer 5

presence of unequally sized RBCs- can indicate anemia

Question 6

Rouleaux

Answer 6

tendency of RBCs to aggregate and form rows/stacks

Question 7

Erythrocytes

Answer 7

function- high surface area for gas exchance 
characteristics
-anucleate in mammals 
-nucleated in birds/reptiles
-biconcave and round in most species
-stain uniformly with eosin

Question 8

Species variation in RBCs

Answer 8

canine
-more pronounced central pallor
-minimal anisocytosis 
feline
-smaller than canine
-minimal to no central pallor
-rouleaux common 
Equine
-size is similar to feline
-minimal to no central pallor
-rouleaux common
Bovine
-minimal to no central pallor
-moderate to marked anisocytosis
-absence of rouleaux
Camelids
-elliptical
-anucleated 
Avian
-elliptical/oval
-nucleated

Question 9

Neutrophils are the predominant leukocytes in?

Answer 9

dogs, cats, horses, humans

Question 10

Function of neutrophils include

Answer 10

highly phagocytic
engulf and kill microorganisms
highly motile
release pro-inflammatory chemical signals

Question 11

Characteristics of neutrophils

Answer 11

segmented nucleus that’s multilobal
cytoplasm granules
Mitochondria few in number

Question 12

Primary and secondary cytoplasmic granules are often ______ in neutrophils

Answer 12

indistinguishable

Question 13

Eosinophils circulate for _____ hours and then reside in tissues _____ days

Answer 13

18

12

Question 14

function of eosinophils

Answer 14

mediate allergic reactions

associated with parasitic infection/chronic inflammation

Question 15

CHaracteristics of eosinophils

Answer 15

bilobed nucleus
prominents cytoplasmic granules
-specific (secondary) granules
-auzrophilic (primary) granules (lysosomes)

Question 16

Basophil function

Answer 16

least common leukocyte
Function
-enter tissue in response to inflammation and chemotaxins
-granules contain heparine, histamine, leukotriens (interluekins)–> responsible for anaphylaxis

Question 17

Characteristics of basophils

Answer 17

bilobed nucleus
specific (secondary) granules- usually stain darker than nucleus
some mitochondria

Question 18

Fuction of lymphocytes

Answer 18

key role in immune response

routine surveillance against foreign antigns

Question 19

Characteristics of lymphocytes

Answer 19

variable in size
clear, lightly basophilic cytoplasmic rim
nucleus is round or indented and may see nucleoli

Question 20

Monocyte function

Answer 20

function

• high phagocytic
• enter tissues to differentiate into many phagocytes (macrophages )

Question 21

Characteristics of monocytes

Answer 21

lavender to lightly basophilic cytoplasm
ameboid nucleus- usually round or indented
cytoplasmic vacuoles often evident

Question 22

Platelets function

Answer 22

involved in hemostasis - control of bleeding

continuous surveillance of BVs, blood clot formation, injury repair in tissue

Question 23

Characteristics of platelets

Answer 23

discoid but appear round(ish) on blood smear
anucleated
varying degrees of granulation

Question 24

What are platelets called in birds

Answer 24

thrombocytes- they ARE nucleated