Respiratory System At Rest Flashcards
Define pulmonary ventilation
Pulmonary ventilation is the process of breathing in and out
Define the two areas of gaseous exchange
- External respiration happens at the lungs
2. Internal respiration happens at the muscles
Describe the two pathways oxygen gets carried through the blood
- Combines with haemoglobin to form oxohaemoglobin which transports 97% oxygen
- Oxygen dissolves in blood plasma which transports 3% of it
Describe the three ways at which C02 is transported through the body
- Combines with haemoglobin to form carbaminohaemoglobin which transports 23%
- Gets dissolved in blood plasma which transports 7%
- Dissolves in water as carbonic acid and transports 70%
What percentage of 02 is transported as oxohaemoglobin
97%
What percentage of O2 is dissolved in blood plasma to be transported
3%
What percentage of CO2 is transported as carbaminohaemoglobin
23%
What percentage of CO2 dissolves in blood plasma to be transported
7%
What percentage of CO2 dissolves in water as carbonic acid to be transported
70%
What are the 6 steps in the passage of air to the lungs
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli
During inspiration, the diaphragm and external intercostals…
Contracts
During inspiration, the rib cage moves…
Up and out
During inspiration, the volume of the theocratic cavity…
Increases
During inspiration, the pressure inside the lungs…
Decreases
During inspiration, the air rushes…
Into the lungs
During expiration, the diaphragm and external intercostals…
Relax
During expiration, the rib cage moves…
Down and in
During expiration, the volume of the thoracic cavity…
Decreases
During expiration, the pressure inside the lungs…
Increases
During expiration, the air rushes…
Outside the lungs
What is inspiration said to be
Active
What is expiration said to be
Passive
Define gaseous exchange
Gaseous exchange is the movement of O2 and CO2 at the muscles and lungs by the process of diffusion
Define diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of gas from an area of high partial pressure to an area of low partial pressure down a concentration gradient
Define what a concentration gradient is
A concentration gradient is the difference between an area of high partial pressure and an area of low partial pressure
Define partial pressure (PP)
PP is the pressure a gas exerts within a mixture of gases
During external respiration, what do the gases diffuse between
The blood and the alveoli
During internal respiration, what do the gases diffuse between
The blood and he muscles
Define breathing frequency (f)
Breathing frequency is the total number of breaths per minute
Define tidal volume (TV)
Tidal volume is the volume of air inspired or expired per breath
Define minute ventilation (VE)
Minute ventilation is the volume of air inspired or expired per minute
What is the formula to work out minute ventilation
VE = f x TV
What is an average value for f for an untrained athlete at rest
12 breaths per minute
What is the average value for f for an endurance athlete at rest
10 breaths per minute
What is an average value for TV for an untrained athlete at rest
500ml
What is an average value for TV for an endurance athlete at rest
500ml
What is an average value for VE for an untrained athlete at rest
6l/m
What is the average value of VE for an endurance athlete at rest
5l/m
What piece of equipment is used to measure TV and what is its uses
TV is measured by a spirometer and is plotted of a Spirograph by which will tell you TV and f and so you can work out VE
