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A-Level PE Anatomy And Physiology > Respiratory System At Rest > Flashcards

Respiratory System At Rest Flashcards

1
Q

Define pulmonary ventilation

A

Pulmonary ventilation is the process of breathing in and out

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2
Q

Define the two areas of gaseous exchange

A
  1. External respiration happens at the lungs

2. Internal respiration happens at the muscles

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3
Q

Describe the two pathways oxygen gets carried through the blood

A
  1. Combines with haemoglobin to form oxohaemoglobin which transports 97% oxygen
  2. Oxygen dissolves in blood plasma which transports 3% of it
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4
Q

Describe the three ways at which C02 is transported through the body

A
  1. Combines with haemoglobin to form carbaminohaemoglobin which transports 23%
  2. Gets dissolved in blood plasma which transports 7%
  3. Dissolves in water as carbonic acid and transports 70%
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5
Q

What percentage of 02 is transported as oxohaemoglobin

A

97%

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6
Q

What percentage of O2 is dissolved in blood plasma to be transported

A

3%

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7
Q

What percentage of CO2 is transported as carbaminohaemoglobin

A

23%

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8
Q

What percentage of CO2 dissolves in blood plasma to be transported

A

7%

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9
Q

What percentage of CO2 dissolves in water as carbonic acid to be transported

A

70%

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10
Q

What are the 6 steps in the passage of air to the lungs

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli

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11
Q

During inspiration, the diaphragm and external intercostals…

A

Contracts

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12
Q

During inspiration, the rib cage moves…

A

Up and out

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13
Q

During inspiration, the volume of the theocratic cavity…

A

Increases

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14
Q

During inspiration, the pressure inside the lungs…

A

Decreases

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15
Q

During inspiration, the air rushes…

A

Into the lungs

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16
Q

During expiration, the diaphragm and external intercostals…

A

Relax

17
Q

During expiration, the rib cage moves…

A

Down and in

18
Q

During expiration, the volume of the thoracic cavity…

A

Decreases

19
Q

During expiration, the pressure inside the lungs…

A

Increases

20
Q

During expiration, the air rushes…

A

Outside the lungs

21
Q

What is inspiration said to be

A

Active

22
Q

What is expiration said to be

A

Passive

23
Q

Define gaseous exchange

A

Gaseous exchange is the movement of O2 and CO2 at the muscles and lungs by the process of diffusion

24
Q

Define diffusion

A

Diffusion is the movement of gas from an area of high partial pressure to an area of low partial pressure down a concentration gradient

25
Q

Define what a concentration gradient is

A

A concentration gradient is the difference between an area of high partial pressure and an area of low partial pressure

26
Q

Define partial pressure (PP)

A

PP is the pressure a gas exerts within a mixture of gases

27
Q

During external respiration, what do the gases diffuse between

A

The blood and the alveoli

28
Q

During internal respiration, what do the gases diffuse between

A

The blood and he muscles

29
Q

Define breathing frequency (f)

A

Breathing frequency is the total number of breaths per minute

30
Q

Define tidal volume (TV)

A

Tidal volume is the volume of air inspired or expired per breath

31
Q

Define minute ventilation (VE)

A

Minute ventilation is the volume of air inspired or expired per minute

32
Q

What is the formula to work out minute ventilation

A

VE = f x TV

33
Q

What is an average value for f for an untrained athlete at rest

A

12 breaths per minute

34
Q

What is the average value for f for an endurance athlete at rest

A

10 breaths per minute

35
Q

What is an average value for TV for an untrained athlete at rest

A

500ml

36
Q

What is an average value for TV for an endurance athlete at rest

A

500ml

37
Q

What is an average value for VE for an untrained athlete at rest

A

6l/m

38
Q

What is the average value of VE for an endurance athlete at rest

A

5l/m

39
Q

What piece of equipment is used to measure TV and what is its uses

A

TV is measured by a spirometer and is plotted of a Spirograph by which will tell you TV and f and so you can work out VE

A-Level PE Anatomy And Physiology (35 decks)

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