Disease Linked To Exercise

Question 1

What are the three types of strokes

Answer 1

Ischaemic stroke
Haemorrhagic stroke
ITA stroke

Question 2

What is a ischaemic stroke

Answer 2

An ischaemic stroke is caused by a blockage that prevents O2 from reaching the brain

Question 3

What is a Haemorrhagic stroke

Answer 3

A haemorrhagic stroke is one where there is a bleed in or around the brain

Question 4

What is an ITA stroke

Answer 4

An ITA stroke is a mini ischaemic stroke where symptoms last for less that 24 hours and caused by a temporary blockage

Question 5

Define sedentary lifestyle

Answer 5

A sedentary lifestyle is an inactive lifestyle

Question 6

Define atherosclerosis

Answer 6

Atherosclerosis is a condition where fatty plaque builds up in the artery walls causing them to narrow and their lumen to narrow

Question 7

Define CHD

Answer 7

CHD is a condition where fatty plaque builds up in the coronary arteries walls causing the lumen to narrow and a reduction in blood flow to the cardiac muscle

Question 8

Define coronary arteries

Answer 8

Coronary arteries are arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the cardiac muscle

Question 9

Define angina

Answer 9

Angina is a condition where there is a partial blockage in a coronary artery causing chest pain due to a lack of O2 to the cardiac muscle

Question 10

Define heart attack

Answer 10

Heart attack is where there is a complete blockage in a coronary artery causing restriction of O2 to the cardiac muscle

Question 11

Define coronary risk factors

Answer 11

Coronary risk factors are conditions or habits that increase the risk of a heart attack and are lifestyle choices

Question 12

Name 3 examples of coronary risk factors

Answer 12

1. Obesity
2. Smoking
3. High LDL cholesterol diet
4. Hypertension

Question 13

Define hypertension

Answer 13

Hypertension is where you have abnormally high blood pressure

Question 14

Define stroke

Answer 14

A stroke is where the O2 supply is cut off from the brain

Question 15

Define LDL cholesterol

Answer 15

LDL cholesterol (low density lipoprotein) builds up as fatty plaque in the blood vessels

Question 16

Define HDL cholesterol

Answer 16

HDL cholesterol (high density lipoprotein) reduces levels of LDL in the blood and clears artery walls of the fatty plaque

Question 17

How does cardiac hypertrophy reduce the risk of CV disease (3 things)

Answer 17

1. Reduce resting HR
2. Increase SV
3. Decrease CV strain

Question 18

How has any increased efficiency of coronary arteries helped prevent CV diseases

Answer 18

Increasing efficiency means more blood can be delivered to the cardiac muscle / min

Question 19

Name 3 ways in which increases elasticity of arteries has reduced the risk of getting a CV disease

Answer 19

1. Reduced blood pressure
2. Widstand a higher blood pressure
3. More efficient vascular shunt mechanism

Question 20

Name 2 adaptations that make the blood resistance to a CV disease

Answer 20

1. Decreases LDL and increases HDL so fatty plaque in arteries is reduced
2. Decreased blood viscosity, increases blood pressure and so decreases blood pressure

Question 21

How other factor caused by exercise has reduced the risk of a CV disease

Answer 21

Bodyweight management and a healthy energy balance

Question 22

What are the two respiratory diseases you need to know

Answer 22

1. Asthma

2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 23

Name 3 symptoms of asthma

Answer 23

1. Shortness of breath
2. Coughing
3. Wheezing
4. Tight chest

Question 24

Name 3 triggers of asthma

Answer 24

1. Exercise induced asthma
2. Pollen
3. Pollution

Question 25

Name 3 measures of asthma control

Answer 25

1. Exercise
2. Healthy diet
3. Inhalers

Question 26

Define asthma

Answer 26

The reversible narrowing of respiratory airways causing inflammation and increasing mucus production

Question 27

Define respiratory muscle training

Answer 27

Breathing exercises to increase the strength and endurance of respiratory muscles normally aimed at people who suffer from asthma and COPD

Question 28

Define COPD

Answer 28

COPD is a group of lung conditions that make it hard to hard to empty air from the lungs because the airways have been narrowed (long term health condition)

Question 29

Name 3 symptoms of COPD

Answer 29

1. Shortness of breath
2. Ongoing Cough that produces a lot of mucus
3. Wheezing
4. Chest pain

Question 30

Name 3 causes of COPD

Answer 30

1. Smoking
2. Decreased elasticity of airways
3. Permanent airway narrowing

Question 31

Name 2 treatments of COPD

Answer 31

1. Medication

2. Exercise

Question 32

Name 2 ways how respiratory structures are adapted by exercise to reduce the chance of RS disease

Answer 32

1. Increase SA and elasticity of alveoli so increased TV

2. Capillerisation around alveoli so increased diffusion of gases

Question 33

Name 2 ways in which the mechanics of breathing have adapted due to exercise to reduce the chance of a RS disease

Answer 33

1. Increased strength and endurance of respiratory muscles so more efficient and increased TV
2. Delayed respiratory fatigue