Rehabilitation Of Injuries Flashcards
Define rehabilitation
A programme designed to enable the athlete to return to sport with full function in the shortest time possible
What does rehabilitation involve (4 things)
- Restoring strength
- Restoring flexibility
- Restoring power
- Restoring endurance
Name 3 issues that occur without an effective training plan
- Prone to re-injury of the area
- Incapable at performing at pre injury state
- Predisposed to injury of another body part
Name the four stages of a rehabilitation programme
- Initial
- Intermediate
- Advanced
- Return to sport
Describe the initial response section of a rehabilitation programme
Considered to be from the time of injury to the point of almost pain free full ROM
Describe the intermediate section of a rehabilitation programme
Resumption of daily activities and some sporting activity mainly skill related. Some fitness work that doesn’t stress the effected area
Describe the advanced section of a rehabilitation programme
Resumption of functional activities related to sport
Describe the return to sport section of a rehabilitation programme
Return to sport including full participation in training and competition
What level of sport is present in the initial phase
Nil
What level of sport is present in the Intermediate phase
Isolated skills
What level of sport is present in the advanced phase
Commence sport specific agility work, skills, game drills
What level of sport is present in the return to sport phase
Full
What are the three phases of a soft tissue injury management and their time period
- Acute inflammatory phase (0-72hrs)
- Repair phase (3 days - 6 weeks)
- Remodelling phase (6 weeks - 12 months)
State 2 facts about the acute inflammatory phase
- Characterised by pain, swelling and bruising
2. Treatment is price, gentle message and anti-inflammatory drugs
State 2 facts about the repair phase
- Characterised by reduced pain or swelling but areas may still be bruised
- Treatment is stretching, massage, heat, cold, contrast therapies, pain, relief
State 2 facts about the remodelling phase
- Characterised by formation of scar tissue and return to previous level of joint/limb function
- Treatment is stretching, massage, heat, cold, contrast therapies, anti-inflammatory drugs and physiotherapy
Define exercise induced muscle damage / delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS)
Pain experienced after intense exercise due to microscopic tears in muscle fibres that cause swelling + pain and peaks 24-72 hours post exercise
Define eccentric exercise
Exercise involving eccentric contractions of muscle where it lengthens under tension
Name 2 symptoms of DOMS
- Soreness
2. Stiffness
State 2 treatments for DOMS
- Usually disappears between 5-7 days
2. Relatively small inflammation doesn’t require anti-inflammatory drugs
State 2 factors that help reduce DOMS
- Cool-down
- Massage
- Active non weight bearing exercise
- Hydrotherapy
- Contract therapy
Name the 6 treatments for rehabilitation of injury (S, M, HCCT, AID, P, S)
- Stretching
- Massage
- Heat, cold, contrast therapies
- Anti inflammatory drugs
- Physiotherapy
- Surgery
State 2 benefits as a result of stretching
- Increased flexibility
- Increases muscle relaxation
- Decreases muscle soreness
- Improves circulation
What are the 3 types of stretching
- Dynamic
- Static
- Proprioceptive neuromuscular stretching (PNF)
When should you not stretch during a rehabilitation programme
During the acute inflammatory phase
Define static stretching
Taking a joint past the point of resistance and holding the position for 30 seconds
Define dynamic stretching
Use a controlled movement, bounce or swing to take a joint to the limit of its ROM
Define proprioceptive neuromuscular stretching (PNF)
Taking joint just past point of resistance + performing an isometric contraction for 30 seconds, relax and repeat 3 times
Define analgesia
Analgesia is relief from pain
Define cryotherapy
Cryotherapy is the use of extreme cold temperatures in order to treat a range of soft tissue injuries
Define game ready systems
Game ready systems circulate cold water around an injured joint while applying intermittent compression
How does heat treatment work (3 things)
- Reliefs pain
- Causes vasodilation to injured area
- Increases blood flow to the injured site
Define 2 risks with using heat treatment
- Increased bleeding or swelling if applied in the first 24 hours of an acute injury
- Burns
How does cold treatment work (3 parts)
- Provides analgesia
- Vasoconstriction of vessels to injured site
- Decreases blood flow so reduces swelling
Define 2 risks with using cold treatment
- Ice burns
2. Superficial nerve damage
How does contrast therapy work (3 parts)
- Reduces swelling by alternating between hot and cold conditions
- Provides pain relief
- Increases blood flow to injured site
Name 2 risks with using contrast therapy
- Increases bleeding and swelling if used in first 24 hours after injury
- Burns
Define what NSAID’s are
NSAID’s are medication widely used in treatment of sports injuries that have analgesia, anti inflammatory and antibiotic properties
Define antipyretic
Antipyretic is used to prevent or reduce fever
How do NSAID’s work (anti inflammatory drugs)
They prevent the chemicals released that cause swelling from reacting to cause swelling
Define a risk with using anti inflammatory drugs
Can be deteremental to healing process as cam inhibit the natural healing process
Name 2 short term side effects of anti inflammatory drugs
- Rashes
- Headache
- Nausea
Name a long term side effects of using anti inflammatory drugs
Increased risk of cardiovascular complications
Define physiotherapy
Use of manual therapy, education and advise to help people affected by illness, injury or disability
Define price
Price is the recommended response for managing acute soft tissue injuries after the first 24-72 hours post injury
Define manual therapy
Manual therapy is a broad group of treatments including massage where the physiotherapist applies force directly to the joint or muscle to restore pain free ROM
Define acupuncture
An acupuncture is where fine needles are inserted into specific points through the body
Define TENS
TENS Is a small electrical devise used at the site of injury that delivers an electrical current
Define untra-sound
An ultra-sound is where sound waves are sent deep into the tissue injured in order to stimulate blood flow
Define arthroscopic surgery (an arthroscopy)
Arthroscopic surgery is a type of key hold surgery used both to diagnose and treat injury
What is an arthroscope
An arthroscope is a thin metal tube with a light and camera attached that sends images to a screen
Define open surgery
Open surgery is where there is a long incision of the skin for the surgeon to see the structures beneath + treat injury by using medical instrements
Name 3 ways surgery helps injury
- Remove damaged tissue
- Reconstruct damaged tissue
- Realign damaged tissue
What is open surgery used to treat
Fractures and joint injuries
What is arthroscopic surgery used to treat
Joint injuries
Name 3 benefits of arthroscopic surgery
- Less pain after surgery
- Faster healing time
- Less risk of infection
- Athlete can return home same day as surgery
- Athlete may be able to move through the 4 stages of rehabilitation more quickly
