Respiratory System And Gaseous Exchange Flashcards
Function of the respiratory system
To supply the cells of the body with oxygen
To remove Carson dioxide from the body
Structure of the respiratory system
Upper respiratory tract
Nose
Nasal cavity
pharynx
Lower respiratory tract
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchiole
Terminal bronchiole
What are the layers of the lungs
Parietal pleura
Pleural cavity
Visceral pleura
Lungs
Diaphragm at the bottom.
What happened during Inhalation
The intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract
The thoracic cavity increase
Lungs stretch
Increased intrapulmonary volume-
Causing a decreases in intrapulmonary pressure
Air is sucked in to equalise pressure
What happened during exhalation
The thorax decreases
The diaphragm becomes dome shape.
Air is push out
What is pulmonary ventilation
The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs with each breath.
Pulmonary ventilation
Tidal volume
The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs with each breath.
In normal quiet breathing it’s usually 500ml
Pulmonary ventilation
Respiratory rate
Is the number of breaths per minute
12-18 breaths per minute (adults)
40-50 breaths per minute (newborns)
Calculation of pulmonary ventilation rate
Tidal volume x respiration rate
500ml x 12 bpm = 6000ml/minute
Where does alveolar Gas exchanged take place
Terminal bronchiole
Respiratory bronchiole
Alveoli
What is dead space
The inspired air that fills the airways but does not contribute to gas exchange
150ml of air
What is the alveolar ventilation rate
The amount of air that reaches the alveoli per minute
Calculation of alveolar ventilation rate
(Tidal volume - dead space) x respiratory rate = alveolar ventilation rate
(500 - 150) x 12 = 4200 ml/minute
What is vital capacity
The amount of air you can breath out
What is total lung capacity
Is the amount of air you can breath out if you get winded
Systemic Gas exchange takes place according to ficks law
Movement is towards an area of lower concentration of the diffusing substance
A substance (oxygen) will move to an area where there isn’t any oxygen (blood)
Factors affecting grass movement across the respiratory membrane
Partial pressure gradient and gas’s solubility ( co2 is more soluble so harder to move )
The thickness of the membrane
Surface area available of gas exchange
V/Q ratio ( blood and the air going to the same part of the lungs )
Alveolar
Type 1 cell
Is the main surface area in which gas exchange takes place
Alveolar
Type 2 cell
Produces surfactant
Is a chemical
Which reduces surface tension in the lungs
Allow the lungs to expand and get smaller
Gas exchange in the lungs and blood
Lots of oxygen come into the plasma moves into the red blood cells
40 mm Hg to 104 mum Hg
Small amount of carbon dioxide leaves the blood
45 mm Hg to 40 mum Hg
Gas exchange in the systemic system
Oxygen from the blood leaves the red blood cell, into the plasma and moves into the tissue cell
95 mum Hg to 40 mmHg
Carbon dioxide leaves the tissue cell, into the plasma in the blood
40 mm Hg to 45 mm Hg
The oxygen in the blood %
98% carried bound to the haemoglobin, red blood cells
3% dissolved in the plasma
Structure of haemoglobin
1 Hb binds with 4 oxygen molecules
2 alpha
2 bata
Carbon dioxide in the blood
7% dissolved in the plasma
23% attached to globin part to hb
As bricarbonate ion, in plasma
Property’s of red blood cell
Got lots of space
Last 120 days
Made in bone marrow
Function to carry oxygen
And carbon dioxide and buffering
White blood cells leukocytes
Only 1% of blood volume
Part of immune system
Can enter tissues by diapadesis, when reviving chemical signals
