Respiratory System And Gaseous Exchange

Question 1

Function of the respiratory system

Answer 1

To supply the cells of the body with oxygen

To remove Carson dioxide from the body

Question 2

Structure of the respiratory system

Answer 2

Upper respiratory tract

Nose

Nasal cavity

pharynx

Lower respiratory tract

Larynx

Trachea

Bronchus

Bronchiole

Terminal bronchiole

Question 3

What are the layers of the lungs

Answer 3

Parietal pleura

Pleural cavity

Visceral pleura

Lungs

Diaphragm at the bottom.

Question 4

What happened during Inhalation

Answer 4

The intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract

The thoracic cavity increase

Lungs stretch

Increased intrapulmonary volume-

Causing a decreases in intrapulmonary pressure

Air is sucked in to equalise pressure

Question 5

What happened during exhalation

Answer 5

The thorax decreases

The diaphragm becomes dome shape.

Air is push out

Question 6

What is pulmonary ventilation

Answer 6

The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs with each breath.

Question 7

Pulmonary ventilation

Tidal volume

Answer 7

The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs with each breath.

In normal quiet breathing it’s usually 500ml

Question 8

Pulmonary ventilation

Respiratory rate

Answer 8

Is the number of breaths per minute

12-18 breaths per minute (adults)

40-50 breaths per minute (newborns)

Question 9

Calculation of pulmonary ventilation rate

Answer 9

Tidal volume x respiration rate

500ml x 12 bpm = 6000ml/minute

Question 10

Where does alveolar Gas exchanged take place

Answer 10

Terminal bronchiole

Respiratory bronchiole

Alveoli

Question 11

What is dead space

Answer 11

The inspired air that fills the airways but does not contribute to gas exchange

150ml of air

Question 12

What is the alveolar ventilation rate

Answer 12

The amount of air that reaches the alveoli per minute

Question 13

Calculation of alveolar ventilation rate

Answer 13

(Tidal volume - dead space) x respiratory rate = alveolar ventilation rate

(500 - 150) x 12 = 4200 ml/minute

Question 14

What is vital capacity

Answer 14

The amount of air you can breath out

Question 15

What is total lung capacity

Answer 15

Is the amount of air you can breath out if you get winded

Question 16

Systemic Gas exchange takes place according to ficks law

Answer 16

Movement is towards an area of lower concentration of the diffusing substance

A substance (oxygen) will move to an area where there isn’t any oxygen (blood)

Question 17

Factors affecting grass movement across the respiratory membrane

Answer 17

Partial pressure gradient and gas’s solubility ( co2 is more soluble so harder to move )

The thickness of the membrane

Surface area available of gas exchange

V/Q ratio ( blood and the air going to the same part of the lungs )

Question 18

Alveolar

Type 1 cell

Answer 18

Is the main surface area in which gas exchange takes place

Question 19

Alveolar

Type 2 cell

Answer 19

Produces surfactant

Is a chemical

Which reduces surface tension in the lungs

Allow the lungs to expand and get smaller

Question 20

Gas exchange in the lungs and blood

Answer 20

Lots of oxygen come into the plasma moves into the red blood cells

40 mm Hg to 104 mum Hg

Small amount of carbon dioxide leaves the blood

45 mm Hg to 40 mum Hg

Question 21

Gas exchange in the systemic system

Answer 21

Oxygen from the blood leaves the red blood cell, into the plasma and moves into the tissue cell

95 mum Hg to 40 mmHg

Carbon dioxide leaves the tissue cell, into the plasma in the blood

40 mm Hg to 45 mm Hg

Question 22

The oxygen in the blood %

Answer 22

98% carried bound to the haemoglobin, red blood cells

3% dissolved in the plasma

Question 23

Structure of haemoglobin

Answer 23

1 Hb binds with 4 oxygen molecules

2 alpha
2 bata

Question 24

Carbon dioxide in the blood

Answer 24

7% dissolved in the plasma

23% attached to globin part to hb

As bricarbonate ion, in plasma

Question 25

Property’s of red blood cell

Answer 25

Got lots of space

Last 120 days

Made in bone marrow

Function to carry oxygen

And carbon dioxide and buffering

Question 26

White blood cells leukocytes

Answer 26

Only 1% of blood volume

Part of immune system

Can enter tissues by diapadesis, when reviving chemical signals