Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Hs1023 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 functions make up the nervous system

A

Sensory input

Integration

Motor output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is sensory input

A

On the skin is sensory receptors detect something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is integration

A

Your nervous system processes that input and decides what to do about it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the motor output

A

Is the reaction that occurs when you nervous system activated certain parts of your body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the 2 main nervous systems

A

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the central nervous system

A

Is your brain and spinal cord

The main control center

It’s what decides you motor response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system

A

Is the composed of all the nerves that branch off from the brain and Solon that allow you central nervous system to communicate with the rest of your body.

Can work in both directions

Sensory division is what picks up sensory stimuli and sends it to the brain.

Motor division sends directions from your brain to the muscles and glands
Also includes voluntary nervous system that rule you skeletal muscles movement
And involuntary nervous system that keep you heart beating etc - spilt into sympathetic division which mobiles the body and vest it all fired up. / parasympathetic division relaxes the body and talks it down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the nervous system mainly made up of

A

Nervous tissue which is packed with cells

Cells like the neuron cells which respond to stimuli and transmit signals

Protected by glial cells which provide support, insulation, help with signal transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Central nervous systems glial cells

A

Astrocytes - support and regulate ions

Microglial cells - defend against invading microorganism

Ependymal cells - line cavities create and secret circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Oligodendrocytes - wrap and insulate form myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Peripheral nervous systems glial cells

A

Satellite cells - surround neuron cells

Schwann cells - insulate help from myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Neurons cells

A

Some of the longest lived cells in your body

Hey are irreplaceable

They are amitotic so they lose they ability to divide

They have huge appetites about 25% of the calories that you take in everyday are consumed by your brain activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Structure of neurons

A

Cell body is the life support - nucleus, mitochondria

Dendrites pick up messages from other cells and pass it to the call body

Axon transmit electrical impulses away from the cell body to other cells.

Most common multipolar neutron

Bipolar neutron have 2 proses

Unipolar neutron have just 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

That is the neurones function

A

Which way an impulse travels through a neuron in relation to the brain and spine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Pick up and transmit impulses from sensory receptors toward the central nervous system

They are mostly unipolar neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Motor neurons

A

Transmit impulses away from the central nervous system to the rest of the body

Mostly multipolar neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Interneurons

A

Are in the central nervous system

Move impulses between the sensory and motor neurons

Multipolar neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many signal can neutrons send and at what speed

A

One signal and at one speed

The frequency can change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is action potential

A

The nerve impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What electrical change does our body’s have

A

Electrical neutral

Can keep positive and negative separate to build potential

20
Q

What is voltage

A

Is the measure of potential energy generated by departed charge

Membrane potential

21
Q

What is Current

A

The flow of electricity from one point to another

Correct = voltage / resistance

22
Q

What is resistance

A

Whatever’s getting in the way of the current

23
Q

Positive and negative in the body

A

Currents indicate the flow of positively or negatively charged ions across the resistance of your cells membrane.

24
Q

What is a Reston neuron

A

Resting membrane potential - 70 mV

More negative potassium inside
Mixed with negative change protein

Outside is a bunch of positive sodium

It is polarised

25
What is the sodium potassium pump
Straddles the membrane of the neuron and there are tons all along the axon. Every 2 positive potassium ions into the cell, it pumps out 3 negative sodium ions
26
Sodium potassium pump
Creates a difference in the concentration of sodium and potassium Different in changes making it more positive outside the neuron Called elecrochemical gradient
27
What is ion channel
Large proteins that can provide a passage across the membrane when their respective gates are open. This movement of ions is the key to all electrical events in neurons
28
Violates gated channels
Open and close in response to change in membrane potential Sodium channels in your neurons open around -55mV
29
Ligand gated channels
Only open up when a neurotransmitter latches onto its receptors
30
Mechanically gated channels
Open in response to the physical stretching of the membrane
31
What is a graded potential
If only a few changes open and only a few sodium enters the cell that causes just a little change in the membrane potential in a localised part of the cell. Inner voltage is Resting at 70mV
32
What is action potential
If a lot of channels open and a lot of sodium enters the cell that causes just a long change in the membrane potential in a localised part of the cell. Bigger enough to trigger the voltage gated channels
33
What happens when a neuron passes messages
Inner voltage is Resting at 70mV Then you touch something Triggering sodium channels to open Increasing the change inside the membrane Has to be -55 mV Then the voltage gated sodium channels open Positive sodium ions rush in making the cell depolarised Up to about 40 mV A brief depolarisation caused by changes in current Kick off a biological chain reaction sends that electrical signal down the axon. Voltage gated sodium channels open its strong enough to change the voltage around Then its repolarization kick in Voltage gated potassium ion channels open up letting those potassium ions flow out Voltage drops to -75mV before all the gates close and the sodium potassium pumps take over and bring things back to their resting level
34
What is the refractory period
It can’t respond to any other stimulus Help stop signal from traveling down both of th actions
35
A myelin sheath
Axons coated in insulating myelin conduct impulse faster than non myelinated ones A current can leap from one gap in the myelin to the next Gaps called nodes or ranvier Called slating conduction
36
Whats a synapse
The meeting point between two neurons Tinny communication links between them Able to change and adapt in response to neuron firing patterns
37
What are the to modes of transportation in the nervous system (synapses )
Electrical - immediate Chemical - controlled, slower and more personal
38
Electrical synapses
Send an ion current directly from the cytoplasm of one nerve cell to another Through small windows Calle gaps junctions They are supper fast because the signal is never converted from its pure electrical state One cell can trigger thousands of other cells that can all act in synchrony
39
Chemical synapses
Much more abundant Slower More precise Uses neurotransmitters or chemical signals Diffuse across a synaptic gap to deliver their message They can connectivity convert the signal in steps from electrical to chemical back to electrical At the synapses the signal can be modified, amplified or split
40
Chemical synapses two principles parts
The cell that sending the signal is the presynaptic neuron and it transmits through a knoblike structure called the presynaptic terminal along the axon terminal Holding a bunch of tiny synaptic vesicles sacs each loaded with thousands of molecules of given neurotransmitter The postsynaptic neuron and it accepts the the neurotransmitters in its receptor region
41
Who do the presynaptic neurons and the postsynaptic neuroses communicate
They don’t touch but there is a tinny gap called synaptic cleft between them Come to the presynaptic terminal Activated the voltage gated calcium channel they open and release the calcium Into the neuron cytoplasm This flow of positively charged calcium ions causes all those tiny synaptic vesicles to fuse with the cell membrane and purge their chemical messages Its these neurotransmitter that act like couriers diffusing across the synaptic gap, building to receptor sites on the postsynaptic neuron
42
Excitatory neurotransmitters
Depolarise the postsynaptic neuron by making the inside of it more positive and bring it closer to its action potential threshold making it more likely to fire that message on to the next neuron
43
Inhibitory neurotransmitter
Hyperpolarizes the Postsynaptic neuron by making the inside more negative, driving its chnarge down away from its threshold. Depends on the sum of all the excitation sand inhibitions in that area
44
What is serotonin
Mainly inhibitory Role in regulating mood, appetite, circadian rhythm and sleep.
45
What is dopamine
Influences emotion and attention Makes you feel good
46
Norepinephrine
Triggers you fight or flight Increasing your heart rate Priming muscles
47
After use what happened to the
They are diffused back across the synapse and are immediately re absorbed called reuptake Others are broken down by enzymes in the synaptic cleft Or sent away from the synapse by diffusion

Hs1023 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions