Nutrition And Gastro-intestinal System Flashcards
What is the body made up off
64% of water
16% of proteins
16% fat
4% minerals
1% carbs
What are the different types of nutrients
Macronutrients
Micronutrients
Macronutrients consist of
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Micronutrients consists of
Minerals
Vitamins
What is the recommendation for fluid intake
Men
2000ml/day
Women
1600ml/day
What is carbohydrates
The most plentiful component of our diet
Can only be used for energy
Essential for all life processes
Composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Classifications of carbohydrates
Simple sugars
Monosaccharides and disaccharides
Provide energy
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharide
Provide slow releasing energy
Energy sources and storage
Blood glucose
Glycogen (liver, muscles) 1st
Adipose tissue 2nd
Body protein 3rd
Lipids
Are fats and oils
Oils from plant origin and are composed of unsaturated fatty acids
Fats are animal origin and are composed of saturated fatty acids
They have twice as much energy as carbohydrates
Should aim for 20-30% of our energy intake to be lipid
But most unsaturated
Lipids in health
Lipids are a dense source of energy
They needed to form all plasma cell membrane
They are needed for the production of signalling molecules, some hormones, steroids, and cell membrane
A fat free diet is not recommended because it would probably deplete lipid soluble vitimins
Cholesterol
Low density lipoprotein (LDL)
LDL carries cholesterol from the liver to the cells. In excess it can build up in the artery walls, leading to disease of the arteries.
Also know as bad cholesterol
High density lipoprotein HDL
HDL carries cholesterol away from the cells to the liver, where it is either broken down or passed out of the body as a wast product.
Also know as good cholesterol
Recommend values of LDL and HDL
LDL value 3 mmol/L
HDL value 1 mmol/L
Proteins
Proteins are made up of amino acids
Amino acids contain nitrogen
Because of this they Paul a role in forming structures such as muscles, tissues, organs, skin and hair
There are about 20 different amino acids, together make hundreds of different proteins
Proteins are very diverse molecules with many functions
E.g enzymes, defence, transport, structure support, movement
Vitamins
Organic molecules required for normal metabolism, yet present in only small amounts in food.
Categorised in two ways
1-Water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins
2-essential vitamins and non-essential vitamins
Water soluble vitamins
Vitamin C- ascorbic acid
Vitamin B complex