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Hs1023 > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What organs and glands are in the reproductive system

A

Testes

Ovaries

Sperm and eggs (Gammie)

Sex hormones

Pituitary gland

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2
Q

What are the parts of the female vigina

External organs

A

Vulva
Moms pubis
Labia majora
Lindia minora

Vestibule
Urethral orfice
Vaginal orifice

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3
Q

What is ovaries

A

Produces and release female gametes and sex hormones like striven and progesterone

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4
Q

What is the structure of ovaries

A

Ovary lives inside a sack made up of tunica albuginea and germinal epithelium

Then cortex which houses developing eggs

The medulla contains most of the ovaries blood vessels and nerves

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5
Q

What is ovarian follicles

A

Tiny sack like structure that which each hold a single primary oocyte (incomplete prototype egg) along with a bunch of supporting follicles cells

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6
Q

Oogensis

A

The Prosecco of egg creation which is delayed till puberty

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7
Q

What is a menstrual cycle

A

Happens in the uterus to prepare for a fertilised egg

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8
Q

What is the ovarian cycle

A

The maturation of the follicle and egg

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9
Q

What is atresia

A

A kind of programmed self destruction

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10
Q

The hypothalamus and pituitary glands control and start the

A

Ovarian cycle and the me atrial cycle

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11
Q

What happiness the ovarian cycle

A

Hypothalamus produces GnRH

To the pituitary gland which the releases 2 more hormones FSH and LH

FSH stimulates the growth of a follicle but only one. The one that is the furthest along in development. It drives that follicle to keep growing.

The follicle will then produce estagen hormones which triggers the follicle to mature even more

This the simulates the pituitary gland to release LH hormones to Finnish the job

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12
Q

What happened to a mature follicle in the ovarian cycle

A

It then pushes up against the ovary wall which then Ruptured and with the help of enzymes breaches the well and ejects a single now mature oocyte

The damaged follicle now slows it destroyed production while morphing into a different structure called corpus outrun, which eventually degenerates

But first it releases a final hormones like progesterone, oestrogen and some inhibin which stop the release of the FSH and LH.

Also prepare the uterus to receive the oocyte which is now in its way down the Fallopian tube

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13
Q

What is a Fallopian tube

A

Are made of sheet of smooth muscle and a highly folded mucosa layer

They are 10 centimetres long and not actually connected to the ovaries.

The egg floats a short way through the peritoneal cavity before caught by the Fallopian tube

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14
Q

What is a uterus

A

Is a hollow thick welled and very stretchable muscular organ that sits anterior to the rectum and posterior to the bladder and ends with the cervix

The wall has 3 layers
Perimetrium on the outside
Myometrium that contracts during labor
Endometrium thin layer which sloughs off

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15
Q

Menstrual cycle starts

A

When the Endometrium layer of the Uranus sloughs off

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16
Q

What is the menstrual cycle

A

The series of changes that the endometrium goes through every 28 days or so.

As a response to changing hormone levels and I coordination with the ovarian cycle

17
Q

What triggers the shedding of the functional layer is

A

Progesterone and oestrogen what where being produced by the corpus luteum starts to drop about 10 days after ovulation.

Which last about 5 days

18
Q

What is phase 2 of the menstrual cycle

A

The proliferative stage

Which last from day 6 to 14 of the cycle

The rising oestrogen levels in the follicles stimulate the regeneration of the endometrium

Building a good potential habitat for a potential fertilised egg to call home.

19
Q

3 stage of menstrual cycle is

A

Secretory phase begins

This is when the ruptured follicle forms in the corpus luteum

If fertilisation didn’t happen the coupus will stop producing progesterone and endometrium will start to shed functional layer starting over again

20
Q

If the egg is fertilised

A

The pulse of progesterone from the corpus triggers even more thickening of the functional layer of the endometrium and a secretion of nutrients that will tide an embryo over until it has implanted itself in the blood rich lining

21
Q

What are the testicles

A

Responsible for making male gametes, sperm and the androgen hormone testosterone

Dangle out side the abdominal cavity in the scrotum

22
Q

Sperm

A

They are touchy when it come to temperature

They have to be outside the body cavity to reach the lower temperature necessary for proper spermatogensis or sperm production

Will die if in 37 degrees

23
Q

What is the structure of testes

A

Lobule which have 250 sections with

seminiferous tubule are the sperm factory made of a stratified epithelium surrounding a central fluid filled lumen

Containing the sertoli cells which nourish developing cells

Also let dig cells that secrete testosterone

24
Q

How is sperm developed

A

Ou the outer Ashe of the tubule and progress inward towards the lumen

Starts with a trigger called hormonal cascade
Hypothalamus produces gonadotropin releasing hormone telling the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing into the blood. Telling the leyding cells to release testosterone

The FSH triggers the Sertoli cells to release androgen binding protein. This builds to the testosterone creating large local concentration of it.
Which triggers the production of speed cells

25
Q

What is spermatogonia

A

The targets of the testosterone are the outer most cells in the tubules. They the stem cells that set the sperm making process in motion by dividing.

When you hit puberty they split into 2 different spermatagonia

Type a cell stays near the basal lamina and keeps dividing so you don’t run out

Type b gets pushed down to the lumen and turn into primary spermatocytes

Then go into meiosis 1 and form two smaller haploid cells called secondary spermatocytes

The go into meiosis 2 and split into 4 spermatids

26
Q

What is spermatids

A

Have all 23 chromosomes they need for fertilisation. But they aren’t mobile.

27
Q

What is spermiogenesis

A

The presses in which spermatids elongates and grows a tail and can take 5 weeks

28
Q

What are mitosis cells

A

They are several layers of you’d cells which contract to squeeze sperm and guild secreted by the Sertoli cell. Towards the rete testis

29
Q

What happened in the epididymis

A

A long set of tubes where they will spend a few weeks gaining their mobility

The bulk is the enormous duct of epididymis full of microvilli for a large surface area to help reabsorb extra fluid help pass nutrients to feed the sperm

Then they go to the inferior epididymis where they gain mitochondria so so they will have energy to swim

30
Q

What happened during ejaculation

A

The sperm flows from epididymis through the vas deferens, a tube that travels and joins with the duct from the seminal gland to create the ejaculatory duct.

The left and right pass into the prostate gland where they empty into the urethra

Which runs from the bladder through the penis and into the outside world.

31
Q

What does sperm, testicular fluid and gland secretion do

A

Provide sperm with

Transportation

Nutritional energy

chemical production

Mobility

32
Q

What is the seminal vesicles

A

Are a pair of small hollow glands behind the bladder that secrete a yellowish flood that contains coagulating enzymes, fructose and other thing which help nourish sperm

33
Q

What is the prostate gland

A

It contracts to squeeze its own special secretion into the urethra.

Which helps keep semen liquid to help it move better

34
Q

What is the structure of the penis

A

Hangs under the pubis

Ends at the glands penis

Surrounded by a fleshy cuff of foreskin

Internally it contains three layers of erectile tissues each wrapped in a layer dense fibrous connective tissue. Which fills with blood during sexual arousal

Hs1023 (16 decks)

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