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Hs1023 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Pituitary gland (hypophysis)

A

Tiny gland under he base of the brain

Posterior pituitary,
neurohypophysis

Anterior pituitary, adenohypophysis

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2
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

Part of the brain,

Attached by hypothalamic- h

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3
Q

How many hormones are in our bodies

A

at least 50 different types of chemical hormones

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4
Q

What does hormones control and regulate

A

Reproduction

Metabolism and energy balance

Growth and development

Body defenses

General homeostasis including water, nutrient and electrolyte balance of the blood

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5
Q

What is hormone cascades

A

Hormones that trigger other hormones

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6
Q

What 2 systems carry messages around the body

A

Endocrine system

Nervous system

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7
Q

How do endocrine system travel around the body

A

In the blood with out using ducts

So they move slowly

Last longer

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8
Q

What are the endocrine glands and organs

A

Pineal gland

Hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

Thyroid gland

Parathyroid gland

Thymus

Adrenal glands

Pancreas

Gonads

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9
Q

What is a gland

A

Any structure that makes and secretes a hormone

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10
Q

What is the master gland in the body and what does it do

A

Pituitary gland

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11
Q

What are the organs in the endocrine system

A

Gonads ( testicles )

Pancreas

Placenta ( in pregnant woman)

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12
Q

What can a hormone only do

A

It can only trigger a reaction in specific cells

Target cells

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13
Q

Thyroid gland does what

A

Produces thyroxine

Which stimulates metabolism and binds to receptors in most of the cells

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14
Q

What does the pituitary gland do

A

Produces many hormones including follicle stimulating hormone

Which helps regulate growth and trigger sexual maturity

Only targets the ovaries and testes

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15
Q

What are hormones chemically made of

A

Amino acids (water soluble)

Lipids (lipid soluble)

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16
Q

How can water soluble amino acids enter cells

A

Cell membrane is made up of lipids

So they can’t get across them

So there are target cells have receptors on the outside of the membrane

17
Q

How can lipid soluble lipids get into cells

A

Cell membrane is made up of lipids

So they can just pass through

Receptor is on the inside

18
Q

What happened when a target cell is activated

A

The hormone alters is activity by either increasing or decreasing some of its functions

19
Q

What Dottie pancreas do

A

Regulates your blood sugar levels

By releasing insulin and glycogen

Bats cells release insulin which helps lower your blood sugar levels by increasing the the rate at which you cells store the sugar in your body

Alpha cells release glycogen which helps raise you blood sugar levels by decreasing the rate at which you cells store the sugar in your body

20
Q

What are endocrine system related diseases caused by

A

Hyper too much

Hypo too little

Secretion of certain hormones

21
Q

What is the main hormone cascade

A

Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis

H P A AXIS

22
Q

What is the H P A AXIS

A

Complex series of chain reactions between three glands

Regulates lots of your body’s daily processes

Digestion, sexuality, immune response and how you handle stress

It coordinates with the nurse system (sympathetic nervous systems)

Fight or flight response

23
Q

How does the endocrine system and the nervous system work together in the fight or flight response

A

Hypothalamus which keeps tabes on what going on all over your body. Seeing if something is off

24
Q

Hypothalamus release what during fight or flight

A

Release CRH

CRH goes to the anterior pituitary gland

Because water soluble binds to receptors on the outside building to the cell

There it release ACTH

ACTH travels through the blood stream to the adrenal gland

The releases glucocorticoid and mineracorticoid

Ramping up blood pressure, dumping glucose into your bloodstream, shutting down non emergency services

Hypothalamus senses this all the the blood then it stops releasing CRH which stops the other gland producing there hormones

25
Q

What is the thyroid gland

A

It’s a butterfly shape gland which sits in the neck

It produces triiodothyronine, thyroxine and calcitonin

Which control some of the most important body functions

Which help maintain homeostasis the balance in consitration of substance such as calcium, sodium and water with in very narrow ranges so that your body can provide a consistent internal environment for you cells store

26
Q

What does you thyroid gland hormone control

A

Body temperature

Skin moisture

You bloods levels of oxygen, calcium and cholesterol

27
Q

What is Graves’ disease

A

An immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones, or hyperthyroidism

28
Q

What is homeostasis

A

Is life

29
Q

What is the hypothalamus pituitary thyroid do

HPT AXIS

A

Carry out the normal basic everyday life fictions

Regulate just about everything related to your homeostasis

30
Q

What happened what your cold

A

Your endocrine system get involved as soon as your body sense that the temperature has of your blood has changed

Blood flow pass hypothalamus in the brain next to temperature sensory Neurons

Which then release TRH into the bloodstream

To the anterior pituitary gland, which release TSH into the blood stream

To the thyroid, which releases thyroid hormone to the rest of the body

31
Q

Thyroid hormone is what soluble

A

Lipid soluble so I can cross the membrane

Binding in the cell nucleus where it can

Increase function
Decrease function
Maintain function

If your cold

Binds inside muscle cells, triggers the transcription of DNA

Which makes the enemies which can brake down glucose to keep you warm (metabolism)

Which produces a lot of waste heat which warms you up (calorigenic)

32
Q

Thyroid can also

A

Maintain blood pressure

Promoting the growth of tissues

Triggering the secretion of digestive juices to keep food moving in the digestive system

33
Q

What is autoimmune dysfunction

A

Is when your body produces abnormal antibody that target the cells of your thyroid gland it’s self

They mimic the hormones that the protrude tree gland produces which build to the thyroid receptors.

Even though the True true gland is not producing any hormones. The thyroid keep producing there’s

Hs1023 (16 decks)

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