Endocrine System Flashcards
Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
Tiny gland under he base of the brain
Posterior pituitary,
neurohypophysis
Anterior pituitary, adenohypophysis
Posterior pituitary
Part of the brain,
Attached by hypothalamic- h
How many hormones are in our bodies
at least 50 different types of chemical hormones
What does hormones control and regulate
Reproduction
Metabolism and energy balance
Growth and development
Body defenses
General homeostasis including water, nutrient and electrolyte balance of the blood
What is hormone cascades
Hormones that trigger other hormones
What 2 systems carry messages around the body
Endocrine system
Nervous system
How do endocrine system travel around the body
In the blood with out using ducts
So they move slowly
Last longer
What are the endocrine glands and organs
Pineal gland
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Thymus
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Gonads
What is a gland
Any structure that makes and secretes a hormone
What is the master gland in the body and what does it do
Pituitary gland
What are the organs in the endocrine system
Gonads ( testicles )
Pancreas
Placenta ( in pregnant woman)
What can a hormone only do
It can only trigger a reaction in specific cells
Target cells
Thyroid gland does what
Produces thyroxine
Which stimulates metabolism and binds to receptors in most of the cells
What does the pituitary gland do
Produces many hormones including follicle stimulating hormone
Which helps regulate growth and trigger sexual maturity
Only targets the ovaries and testes
What are hormones chemically made of
Amino acids (water soluble)
Lipids (lipid soluble)
How can water soluble amino acids enter cells
Cell membrane is made up of lipids
So they can’t get across them
So there are target cells have receptors on the outside of the membrane
How can lipid soluble lipids get into cells
Cell membrane is made up of lipids
So they can just pass through
Receptor is on the inside
What happened when a target cell is activated
The hormone alters is activity by either increasing or decreasing some of its functions
What Dottie pancreas do
Regulates your blood sugar levels
By releasing insulin and glycogen
Bats cells release insulin which helps lower your blood sugar levels by increasing the the rate at which you cells store the sugar in your body
Alpha cells release glycogen which helps raise you blood sugar levels by decreasing the rate at which you cells store the sugar in your body
What are endocrine system related diseases caused by
Hyper too much
Hypo too little
Secretion of certain hormones
What is the main hormone cascade
Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis
H P A AXIS
What is the H P A AXIS
Complex series of chain reactions between three glands
Regulates lots of your body’s daily processes
Digestion, sexuality, immune response and how you handle stress
It coordinates with the nurse system (sympathetic nervous systems)
Fight or flight response
How does the endocrine system and the nervous system work together in the fight or flight response
Hypothalamus which keeps tabes on what going on all over your body. Seeing if something is off
Hypothalamus release what during fight or flight
Release CRH
CRH goes to the anterior pituitary gland
Because water soluble binds to receptors on the outside building to the cell
There it release ACTH
ACTH travels through the blood stream to the adrenal gland
The releases glucocorticoid and mineracorticoid
Ramping up blood pressure, dumping glucose into your bloodstream, shutting down non emergency services
Hypothalamus senses this all the the blood then it stops releasing CRH which stops the other gland producing there hormones
What is the thyroid gland
It’s a butterfly shape gland which sits in the neck
It produces triiodothyronine, thyroxine and calcitonin
Which control some of the most important body functions
Which help maintain homeostasis the balance in consitration of substance such as calcium, sodium and water with in very narrow ranges so that your body can provide a consistent internal environment for you cells store
What does you thyroid gland hormone control
Body temperature
Skin moisture
You bloods levels of oxygen, calcium and cholesterol
What is Graves’ disease
An immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones, or hyperthyroidism
What is homeostasis
Is life
What is the hypothalamus pituitary thyroid do
HPT AXIS
Carry out the normal basic everyday life fictions
Regulate just about everything related to your homeostasis
What happened what your cold
Your endocrine system get involved as soon as your body sense that the temperature has of your blood has changed
Blood flow pass hypothalamus in the brain next to temperature sensory Neurons
Which then release TRH into the bloodstream
To the anterior pituitary gland, which release TSH into the blood stream
To the thyroid, which releases thyroid hormone to the rest of the body
Thyroid hormone is what soluble
Lipid soluble so I can cross the membrane
Binding in the cell nucleus where it can
Increase function
Decrease function
Maintain function
If your cold
Binds inside muscle cells, triggers the transcription of DNA
Which makes the enemies which can brake down glucose to keep you warm (metabolism)
Which produces a lot of waste heat which warms you up (calorigenic)
Thyroid can also
Maintain blood pressure
Promoting the growth of tissues
Triggering the secretion of digestive juices to keep food moving in the digestive system
What is autoimmune dysfunction
Is when your body produces abnormal antibody that target the cells of your thyroid gland it’s self
They mimic the hormones that the protrude tree gland produces which build to the thyroid receptors.
Even though the True true gland is not producing any hormones. The thyroid keep producing there’s
