Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A

1). Provides gases exchange.

  • Intake of oxygen.
  • Removal of carbon dioxide.

2) . Helps regulate blood pH.
3) . Contains receptors for sense of smell.

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2
Q

What are the 2 parts of the respiratory system?

A

1) . Upper respiratory tract.

2) . Lower respiratory tract.

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3
Q

What is the upper respiratory tract made up of?

A

1) . Nose.
2) . Pharynx.
3) . Larynx.

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4
Q

What is the lower respiratory tract made up of?

A

1) . Trachea.
2) . Bronchi.
3) . Bronchioles.
4) . Alveoli.
5) . Pleura.

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5
Q

What zones is the respiratory system divided into?

A

1) . Conduction division.

2) . Respiratory division.

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6
Q

Which components of the respiratory system belong to the conduction zone?

A

1). Nasal to terminal bronchioles;

  • Nose.
  • Pharynx.
  • Larynx.
  • Trachea.
  • Bronchi.
  • Bronchioles.
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7
Q

What is the functions of the conduction zone>

A

1) . Conduct air to lungs.

2) . Filter, warm and moisten air.

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8
Q

Which components of the respiratory system belong to the respiratory zone?

A
  • Respiratory bronchiole.
  • Alveolar duct.
  • Alveoli.
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9
Q

What is the function of the respiratory zone?

A

Gas exchange.

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of the lungs?

A
  • 2 cone-shaped organs.
  • Broad base.
  • Narrow apex.
  • Vessels/nerves - hilum.
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11
Q

How many lobes does the left and right lung have?

A
  • Left = 2 lobes.

- Right = 3 lobes.

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12
Q

What framework of bones protect the lungs?

A
  • Ribs.
  • Sternum.
  • Vertebrae.
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13
Q

What is the double-layered membrane that protects the lungs?

A

Pleurae.

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14
Q

What are the 2 layers of pleurae?

A

1) . Visceral pleura =
- covers the lungs.
2) . Parietal pleura =
- lines the walls of the thorax.

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15
Q

What enzyme does lung tissue contain?

A

ACE.

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16
Q

What is the pharynx?

A
  • Muscular funnel.

- Contains tonsils..

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17
Q

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

A

1) . Nasopharynx =
- conducts air only.
2) . Oro/laryngopharynx =
- conducts air, food and drink.
- lined by stratified, squamous epithelium.

18
Q

What is the larynx?

A
  • Cartilaginous chamber.

- Contains voice box.

19
Q

What are the functions of the larynx?

A
  • Sound protection.

- Keeps food and drink out of trachea.

20
Q

What is the trachea?

A
  • Tube that leads to the lungs.

- Surrounded by cartilage.

21
Q

What are the functions of the trachea?

A
  • Conducts air from larynx to bronchi.

- Respiratory epithelium also traps dust particles.

22
Q

What is the bronchial tree?

A
  • Branching system of tubes.

- Leads to bronchioles.

23
Q

What is the function of the bronchial tree?

A

Conducts air.

24
Q

Why are materials more likely to lodge in the right bronchi?

A
  • Wider and more vertical –> easier passage.
25
Q

Why does the left bronchi only has 2 branches?

A

Space taken up by cardiac notch.

26
Q

What are the characteristics of the bronchial tree?

A
  • Bronchioles have no cartilage.
  • Tree has elastic connective tissue.
  • Smooth muscle layer.
27
Q

What are the 2 types of cells in the alveoli?

A
  • Type I (squamous) cells.

- Type II (great) cells.

28
Q

What are the type I cells in alveoli?

A
  • Thin, so aid diffusion.

- 95% of alveolar area.

29
Q

What are the type II cells in alveoli?

A
  • Lower surface tension of water.
  • Allows re-inflation after exhalation.
  • Prevents collapse when we breathe out.
30
Q

What do type II cells secrete?

A

Pulmonary surfactant.

31
Q

Where does gas exchange occur?

A

Bronchioles and alveoli.

32
Q

What does the bronchioles divide into?

A

Ducts –> alveoli along the walls.

33
Q

What is the respiratory membrane?

A

Barrier between alveolar air and blood.

34
Q

What is alveolar respiration (gas diffusion)?

A
  • Gass exchange between alveoli and blood.
35
Q

What is internal respiration?

A

Gas exchange at systemic capillaries.

36
Q

What is cell respiration (external)?

A
  • Aerobic respiration that take place in the cell.
37
Q

What is the process of aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP.

38
Q

How does the circulatory system interact with the respiratory system?

A
  • Transport of blood gases.

- Gas exchange.

39
Q

How does the nervous system interact with the respiratory system?

A
  • Respiratory centres in brain stem control breathing.
40
Q

How does the musculoskeletal system interact with the respiratory system?

A

Enables inhalation and exhalation.