Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
1). Provides gases exchange.
- Intake of oxygen.
- Removal of carbon dioxide.
2) . Helps regulate blood pH.
3) . Contains receptors for sense of smell.
What are the 2 parts of the respiratory system?
1) . Upper respiratory tract.
2) . Lower respiratory tract.
What is the upper respiratory tract made up of?
1) . Nose.
2) . Pharynx.
3) . Larynx.
What is the lower respiratory tract made up of?
1) . Trachea.
2) . Bronchi.
3) . Bronchioles.
4) . Alveoli.
5) . Pleura.
What zones is the respiratory system divided into?
1) . Conduction division.
2) . Respiratory division.
Which components of the respiratory system belong to the conduction zone?
1). Nasal to terminal bronchioles;
- Nose.
- Pharynx.
- Larynx.
- Trachea.
- Bronchi.
- Bronchioles.
What is the functions of the conduction zone>
1) . Conduct air to lungs.
2) . Filter, warm and moisten air.
Which components of the respiratory system belong to the respiratory zone?
- Respiratory bronchiole.
- Alveolar duct.
- Alveoli.
What is the function of the respiratory zone?
Gas exchange.
What are the characteristics of the lungs?
- 2 cone-shaped organs.
- Broad base.
- Narrow apex.
- Vessels/nerves - hilum.
How many lobes does the left and right lung have?
- Left = 2 lobes.
- Right = 3 lobes.
What framework of bones protect the lungs?
- Ribs.
- Sternum.
- Vertebrae.
What is the double-layered membrane that protects the lungs?
Pleurae.
What are the 2 layers of pleurae?
1) . Visceral pleura =
- covers the lungs.
2) . Parietal pleura =
- lines the walls of the thorax.
What enzyme does lung tissue contain?
ACE.
What is the pharynx?
- Muscular funnel.
- Contains tonsils..
What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?
1) . Nasopharynx =
- conducts air only.
2) . Oro/laryngopharynx =
- conducts air, food and drink.
- lined by stratified, squamous epithelium.
What is the larynx?
- Cartilaginous chamber.
- Contains voice box.
What are the functions of the larynx?
- Sound protection.
- Keeps food and drink out of trachea.
What is the trachea?
- Tube that leads to the lungs.
- Surrounded by cartilage.
What are the functions of the trachea?
- Conducts air from larynx to bronchi.
- Respiratory epithelium also traps dust particles.
What is the bronchial tree?
- Branching system of tubes.
- Leads to bronchioles.
What is the function of the bronchial tree?
Conducts air.
Why are materials more likely to lodge in the right bronchi?
- Wider and more vertical –> easier passage.
Why does the left bronchi only has 2 branches?
Space taken up by cardiac notch.
What are the characteristics of the bronchial tree?
- Bronchioles have no cartilage.
- Tree has elastic connective tissue.
- Smooth muscle layer.
What are the 2 types of cells in the alveoli?
- Type I (squamous) cells.
- Type II (great) cells.
What are the type I cells in alveoli?
- Thin, so aid diffusion.
- 95% of alveolar area.
What are the type II cells in alveoli?
- Lower surface tension of water.
- Allows re-inflation after exhalation.
- Prevents collapse when we breathe out.
What do type II cells secrete?
Pulmonary surfactant.
Where does gas exchange occur?
Bronchioles and alveoli.
What does the bronchioles divide into?
Ducts –> alveoli along the walls.
What is the respiratory membrane?
Barrier between alveolar air and blood.
What is alveolar respiration (gas diffusion)?
- Gass exchange between alveoli and blood.
What is internal respiration?
Gas exchange at systemic capillaries.
What is cell respiration (external)?
- Aerobic respiration that take place in the cell.
What is the process of aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP.
How does the circulatory system interact with the respiratory system?
- Transport of blood gases.
- Gas exchange.
How does the nervous system interact with the respiratory system?
- Respiratory centres in brain stem control breathing.
How does the musculoskeletal system interact with the respiratory system?
Enables inhalation and exhalation.
