Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Blood Pressure > Flashcards

Blood Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The force exerted by blood on the inner walls of blood vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is blood pressure also known as?

A

Systematic arterial blood pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What causes blood pressure?

A

Heart forcing the blood through the blood vessels against the narrow peripheral blood vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 components that influence blood pressure? (homeostatic control of blood pressure)

A

1) . Heart activity.
2) . Blood volume and viscosity.
3) . Blood vessels, in particular diameter of the arterioles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens to the heart rate if there is increased/decreased blood pressure?

A

1) . Increased blood pressure =
- Increased heart rate.
2) . Decreased blood pressure =
- Decreased heart rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What changes in the diameter of small arteries increase/decrease blood pressure?

A

1) . Vasoconstriction =
- increase.
2) . Vasodilation =
- Decrease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What changes in blood volume increase/decrease blood pressure?

A

1) . Increased blood volume = increased blood pressure.

2) . Decreased blood volume = decreased blood pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the equation for blood pressure control?

A

Blood pressure = cardiac output x total peripheral resistance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the equation for blood pressure control suggest?

A

Anything that increase cardiac output/peripheral resistance will increase blood pressure, vice versa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Total volume of blood pumped out of the ventricle per minute.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is the cardiac output calculated?

A

Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the stroke volume?

A

Amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle at each contraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is peripheral resistance?

A

The resistance to blood flow =

  • force created by the friction between blood and blood vessel walls.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is peripheral resistance created?

A

By the diameter of the blood vessels in the periphery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is vasoconstriction? What is it in response to?

A

Blood vessel diameter decrease =

  • responds to increased blood pressure.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is vasodilation? What is it in response to?

A

Blood vessel diameter increase =

  • responds to decreased blood pressure.
17
Q

What controls short-term blood pressure?

A

The nervous system.

18
Q

What controls long-term blood pressure?

A

Hormones.

19
Q

How does adrenaline affect blood pressure?

A

Increases it very quickly.

20
Q

Why is the arterial baroreceptor reflex important in the control of blood pressure?

A

Controls moment to moment arterial blood pressures.

21
Q

What cardiovascular factors does the arterial barorecptor reflex modify?

A
  • Heart rate.
  • Cardiac stroke volume.
  • Peripheral vascular resistance.
22
Q

What system is the most important in regulating the heart rate?

A

Autonomic.

23
Q

Which nerves supply the heart?

A
  • Sympathetic.

- Parasympathetic.

24
Q

Where do the sympathetic/parasympathetic nerves originate?

A

Cardiac centre in the medulla.

25
Q

Sympathetic activity speed or slow heart rate?

A

Speeds it up, vice versa.

26
Q

How do blood vessels influence influence blood pressure?

A

Blood pressure increases when blood is forced through narrower vessels, vice versa.

27
Q

The greater the peripheral resistance…

A

Higher the blood pressure.

28
Q

Which group of neurons regulate the diameter of arterioles?

A

Vasomotor centre =

  • in the medulla.
29
Q

Summarise what peripheral resistance is and how is it regulated?

A

1) . Force created by the fricton between blood and vessel walls.
2) . Regulated by a group of neurons in the meddula (vasomotor centre).

30
Q

What is blood pressure directly proportional to, in the cardiovascular system?

A

The volume of blood.

31
Q

How is blood volume regulated?

A

Hormonally.

32
Q

What hormones regulate blood volume?

A
  • ADH.

- Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).

33
Q

Summarise what influences blood pressure?

A
  • Cardiac output.
  • Peripheral resistance.
  • Blood volume.
34
Q

How is the short-term control of blood pressure achieved?

A

MEDULLA (brain stem).

  • Cardiac centre.
  • Vasomotor centre.
35
Q

What causes the cardiac/vasomotor centre to respond to blood pressure changes?

A

Baroreceptors.

36
Q

Where are baroreceptors found?

A
  • Aortic arch.

- Internal carotid arteries.

37
Q

Why is the short-term regulation of blood pressure a good example of homeostasis?

A

Has a feedback loop consisting of:

  • receptor.
  • controller.
  • effector.
38
Q

What is the receptor, controller and effector in the short-term homeostatic response to blood pressure.

A

1) . Receptor =
- baroreceptor.
2) . Controller =
- nervous control.
3) . Effector =
- vasomotor tone.

Physiology (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions