Cell Growth and Division Flashcards
What is the point of cell division?
- Growth.
- Replacement of dead/damaged cells.
- Production of gametes.
What are the 2 main types of cell division?
1) . Mitosis.
2) . Meiosis.
What is the result of mitosis/meiosis?
1) . Mitosis =
- genetically identical diploid cells.
2) . Meiosis =
- genetically different haploid cells.
What are the stages of the cell cycle?
1) . Interphase.
2) . Mitosis.
3) . Cytokinesis.
What are the different phases of the interphase?
- G1 (growth, duplication of organelles).
- S (DNA replication).
- G2 (further growth and checking of content).
What are the stages of mitosis?
1) . Prophase.
2) . Metaphase.
3) . Anaphase.
4) . Telophase.
What is the prophase?
- Chromatin condenses to chromosomes (become the shape).
- Splitting occurs in the centromere, forming a chromosome.
What is the metaphase?
- Nuclear envelope disappears.
- Chromosomes align at the equatorial plate.
What is the anaphase?
- Chromatids separate by the centromeres dividing.
- Centromeres that hold the chromatids together break apart.
What is the telophase?
- Cytoplasm divides.
- Chromosomes uncoil and become chromatin (like the beginning).
What is cytokinesis?
The cytoplasm divides and 2 separate cells form.
How many pairs of chromosomes are in each cells?
23 pairs, except in sex cells (haploid)
Simplify the stages of mitosis?
- P(rophase) = Pairs of chromosomes become visible.
- M(etaphase) = chromosomes line up in middle of the cell.
- A(naphase) = chromosome pulled apart.
- T(elophase) = 2 nuclear membranes formed.
What is meiosis?
Cell division that occurs during spermatogenesis and oorgenesis.
What happens when 2 haploid cells (sperm/egg) come together?
Make a diploid (zygote) cell with 46 chromosomes (23 from each cell making 23 pairs).
