Respiratory System Flashcards
Surfactant
Lowers surface tension and prevents alevoli from collapsing
Bicarbonate buffer system equation
CO2 + H2O -> HCO3- + H+ -> H2CO3
Muscles used in inhalation
External intercostal muscles and diaphragm
Muscles used in passive exhalation
Recoil from external intercostal muscles and diaphragm
VC (vital capacity)
TLC - RV = ERV + TV + IRV
VC definition
Difference between minimum and maximum volume of air in lungs
TLC
Maximum volume of air in lungs when inhaled completely, 7 L
RV
Residual volume, volume of air remaining when one exhales completely
TV
Tidal volume, volume of air inhaled/exhaled normally
ERV
Volume of additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal exhalation
IRV
Volume of additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after normal inhalation
Vasodilation and vasoconstriction are used for
Thermoregulation
Mast cell
Antibodies that trigger immune response
Pulmonary arteries
Carry deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary veins
Carry oxygenated blood
Muscles used in active exhalation
Internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles
Immune mechanisms in respiratory system
Vibrissae in nares, lysozume in mucous membrane, muscociliary escalator, macrophages in lungs, mast cells
How does the respiratory system balance pH
Bicarbonate buffer system
When blood pH decreases, respiratory rate
Increases
When blood pH increases, respiratory rate
Decreases
