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Immune System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Innate immunity

A

Nonspecific, always active

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2
Q

Specific immunity

A

Target a specific pathogen, slower

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3
Q

Defensins

A

Antibacterial enzymes on skin

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4
Q

Lysozymes are an antibacterial compound found in

A

Tears and saliva

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5
Q

B-cells mature in the

A

Bone marrow

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6
Q

T-cells mature in the

A

Thymus

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7
Q

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils are

A

Granulocytes

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8
Q

Lymphocytes and monocytes are

A

Agranulocytes

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9
Q

Specific immune response can be divided into

A

Humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity

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10
Q

Humoral immunity is driven by

A

B-cells and antibodies

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11
Q

Cell-mediated immunity is driven by

A

T-cells

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12
Q

Complement system

A

Various proteins in blood act as a nonspecific defense against bacteria, punch holes into bacteria

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13
Q

Classical pathway of complement system

A

Requires antibodies

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14
Q

Alternative pathway of complement system

A

Does not require antibodies

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15
Q

Macrophages: innate vs adaptive

A

Innate

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16
Q

Mast cell: innate vs adaptive

A

Innate

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17
Q

Granulocytes: innate vs adaptive

A

Innate

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18
Q

Dendritic cell: innate vs adaptive

A

Innate

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19
Q

Natural killer cells: innate vs adaptive

A

Innate

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20
Q

Macrophage

A

Engulfs and consumes pathogens

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21
Q

MHC class I

A

Protein produced within a cell is presented on the surface of the cell, allowing immune system to monitor health of the cell and detect if the cell has been infeceted with a virus or intracellular pathogen

22
Q

MHC-I pathway is also called

A

Endogenous pathway

23
Q

MHC class II

A

Antigen-presenting cells pick up, process, and present external pathogens to MHC 2 to activate immune system

24
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Present antigens to adaptive immune cells

25
Q

Basophils and mast cells release

A

Histamine in response to allergens

26
Q

Eosinophils release

A

Histamine in response to allergens and parasitic infections

27
Q

Neutrophils target

A

Bacteria

28
Q

Natural killer cells destroy

A

Cells that do not present MHC e.g. virally infected/cancer cells

29
Q

MHC-I is found in

A

All nucleated cells

30
Q

What causes formation of pus during an infection?

A

Dead neutrophil collections

31
Q

What holds heavy and light chains together in antibodies

A

Disulfide bridges and noncovalent interactions

32
Q

Variable region in antibodies

A

Antigen-binding region that binds one specific antigen

33
Q

Clonal selection in B cells

A

Only B-cells that can bind the antigen with high affinity survive

34
Q

Upon exposure to an antigen, B-cells will develop into

A

Plasma cells and memory cells

35
Q

Primary response

A

Plasma cells produce antibodies, memory B-cells stay in lymph node

36
Q

Secondary response

A

Memory cells produce specific antibodies when same antigen is encountered

37
Q

Positive selection of T cells

A

Only T cells that can respond to presentation of antigen on MHC will mature

38
Q

Negative selection of T cells

A

T cells that attack self are destroyed

39
Q

Helper T cells

A

CD4+, secrete lymphokines, activate B cells

40
Q

CD4+ T cells respond to

A

MHC II, external antigens e.g. bacteria, fungi, parasites

41
Q

CD8+ T cells respond to

A

MHC I, intracellular infections e.g. viral

42
Q

Cytotoxic T cells

A

CD8+, directly kills infected cells by injecting toxic chemicals

43
Q

Suppressor T cells

A

Suppress immune response once infection has been contained

44
Q

Interferon

A

Produced by cells infected with viruses to prevent viral replication

45
Q

Purpose of self-antigen

A

Signal to immune cells that the cell is not foreign

46
Q

Autoimmunity

A

Immune cells attack cells expressing self-antigens

47
Q

Spleen

A

B cell development

48
Q

Thymus

A

T cell selection

49
Q

Thoracic duct

A

Connects lympathic system to cardiovascular system

50
Q

Lymph nodes cell interactions

A

Antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes

51
Q

Types of lymphocytes

A

T cell, B cell

52
Q

Antibody reaction against pathogens

A
  1. Mark a pathogen by destruction by phagocytic cells
  2. Cause pathogens to clump together for phagocytosis
  3. Neutralize pathogen by preventing it from invade tissues

Bio (12 decks)

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