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Bio > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Neuron vs tract

A

Tracts only carry one type of information

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2
Q

Soma

A

Neuron cell body

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3
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive incoming messages from other cells

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4
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Produce myelin in the central nervous system

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5
Q

Schwann cells

A

Produce myelin in peripheral nervous system

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6
Q

Axon

A

Long appendage down which action potential travels

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7
Q

Axon hillock

A

Integrates excitatory and inhibitory signals and fires action potential

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8
Q

Myelin

A

Insulating substance that prevents signal loss

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9
Q

Resting membrane potential

A

-70 mV

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10
Q

Collection of cell bodies in central nervous system

A

Nuclei

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11
Q

Collection of cell bodies in peripheral nervous system

A

Ganglion

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12
Q

Where is action potential initiated

A

Axon hillock

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13
Q

Na+/K+ ATPase

A

Pumps K+ in and Na+ out of cell

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14
Q

What maintains resting membrane potential

A

Na+/K+ ATPase

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15
Q

Central nervous system is made up of

A

Brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

Peripheral nervous system is made up of

A

Cranial and spinal nerves

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17
Q

CNS is divided into

A

White matter and grey matter

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18
Q

PNS is divided into

A

Somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (automatic) nervous systems

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19
Q

White matter

A

Myelinated axons

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20
Q

Grey matter

A

Unmyelinated dendrites and cell bodies

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21
Q

Parasymphathetic

A

Rest and digest

22
Q

Sympathetic

A

Fight or flight

23
Q

Absolute refractory period

A

Cell is unable to fire another action potential

24
Q

Relative refractory period

A

Cell requires large stimulus to fire another action potential

25
Q

Monosynaptic reflex arc

A

Sensory neuron fires directly onto the motor neuron

26
Q

Polysynaptic reflex arc

A

Sensory neuron fires onto motor neuron + interneuron

27
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Transmit sensory information to brain and spinal cord

28
Q

Motor neurons

A

Transmit motor information from brain and spinal cord to muscles

29
Q

Interneurons

A

Found between other neurons, most numerous

30
Q

Nuclei

A

Cluster of neuron cell bodies in the CNS

31
Q

Ganglia

A

Cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

32
Q

Nerve

A

Bundle of axons

33
Q

Astrocytes

A

Nourish neurons and form the blood-brain barrier, protecting it from pathogens

34
Q

Microglia

A

Ingest and break down waste products and pathogens in the CNS

35
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Produce cerebrospinal fluid

36
Q

Depolarization

A

Caused by excitatory input, influx of Na+ makes membrane potential more positive

37
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

Caused by inhibitory input, lower than resting potential

38
Q

Action potential steps

A
  1. Na+ channels respond to depolarization, Na+ moves into the cell
  2. Na+ channels are inactivated at +35 mV
  3. K+ channels open, K+ is driven out of cell, results in restoration of negative membrane potential inside cell
39
Q

Repolarization

A

Restoration of negative membrane potential by driving out K+

40
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Exposed areas of myelinated axons, helps rapid signal conduction

41
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

Signal hops from node to node

42
Q

Chemical transmission

A

Neurotransmitters pass signals between neurons

43
Q

Electrical transmission

A

Electricity is used to pass signals within neuron

44
Q

Ion for neurotranmitter

A

Calcium

45
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Insulates signal, makes it faster

46
Q

Somatic and autonomic nerves are

A

Peripheral nervous system

47
Q

Dorsal root ganglia have

A

Sensory neurons

48
Q

Ventral root of spinal cord have

A

Motor neurons

49
Q

Spatial summation

A

Multiple signals close together in space

50
Q

Temporal summation

A

Multiple signals close together in time

Bio (12 decks)

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