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Bio > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular system consists of

A

Four-chambered heart, blood vessels, and blood

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2
Q

Right side of the heart accepts

A

Deoxygenated blood and moves it to the lungs

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3
Q

Left side of the heart

A

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and forces it out to the body

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4
Q

Two pumps

A

Pulmonary circulation and systemic circrulation

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5
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Right side of the heart accepts deoxygenated blood and moves it to lungs by way of pulmonary arteries

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6
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs by way of pulmonary veins and forces it out to the body through the aorta

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7
Q

More muscular side of heart

A

Left side

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8
Q

Atria

A

Thin-walled structures that receive blood from the venae cavae or pulmonary veins

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9
Q

Venae cavae

A

Deoxygenated blood enters right heart

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10
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Oxygenated blood enters left heart

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11
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A

Separate atria from ventricles

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12
Q

Semilunar valve

A

Ventricles are separated from vasculature

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13
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Valve between right atrium and right ventricle

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14
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

Valve between left atrium and left ventricle

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15
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Separates right ventricle from pulmonary circulation

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16
Q

Aortic valve

A

Separates left ventricle from aorta

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17
Q

Pulmonary valve and aortic valves are

A

Semilunar valves

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18
Q

Pathway of electrical conduction in heart

A

SA node -> AV node -> bundle of His -> Purkinje fibers

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19
Q

Systole

A

Ventricule contracts, AV valves close, blood is pumped out

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20
Q

Diastole

A

Ventricles relax, semilunar valves close, blood from atria fills ventricles

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21
Q

Cardiac output

A

Total blood volume pumped by a ventricle in a minute

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22
Q

CO equation

A

CO = HR X SV

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23
Q

Stroke volume

A

Volume of blood pumped per beat

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24
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart

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25
Q

Vagus nerve

A

Slows down heart rate, provide parasympathetic signals

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26
Q

What property of the large arteries help vessels maintain sufficient pressure?

A

Highly muscular and elastic

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27
Q

Veins

A

Bring blood to heart

28
Q

Capillaries

A

Thin wall, easy diffusion of gases

29
Q

Endothelial cells

A

Facilitate formation of blood clots to stop bleeding when damage occurs

30
Q

Vein characteristics

A

Inelastic, thin-walled, can stretch for large quantities of blood

31
Q

Portal system

A

Blood passes through two capillary beds before returning to the heart

32
Q

Hepatic portal system

A

Gut capillary bed -> liver capillary bed

33
Q

Hypophyseal portal system

A

Hypothalamus capillary bed -> anterior pituitary capillary bed

34
Q

Renal portal system

A

Glomerulus -> vasa recta

35
Q

Cellular portion of blood three types

A

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

36
Q

All blood cells are formed from

A

Hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow

37
Q

Granulocytes

A

Contain granules that are toxic to invading microbes

38
Q

Granulocytes are involved in

A

Inflammatory reactions, allergies, destruction of bacteria and parasites

39
Q

Agranulocytes

A

Lymphocytes and monocytes

40
Q

Lymphocytes are involved in

A

Specific immune response

41
Q

Monocytes

A

Phagocytize foreign matter such as bacteria

42
Q

When monocytes enter an organ, they are renamed

A

Macrophages

43
Q

Universal recipient

44
Q

Universal donor

45
Q

An individual with B+ blood could receive

A

B+, B-, O+, O-

46
Q

An individual with B+ blood could donate to

47
Q

Blood pressure is measured by

A

Sphygmomanometer

48
Q

Largest drop in blood pressure occurs across

A

Arterioles, because capillaries are thin walled and unable to withstand pressure

49
Q

Low blood pressure releaes

A

Aldosterone and ADH

50
Q

ADH blood pressure

A

Antidiuretic hormone increases blood volume and pressure and dilutes blood

51
Q

Aldosterone blood pressure

A

Increases water and sodium resorption, increasing blood volume and pressure

52
Q

Cause of a right shift of the oxyhemoglobin curve

A

Exercise, increased CO2, increased temperature, lower pH

53
Q

Left shift to the oxyhemoglobin curve

A

Decreased CO2, higher pH, decreased temperature, decreased 2,3-BPG

54
Q

A and B alleles are

A

Codominant

55
Q

O alleles are

56
Q

Bohr effect

A

Increased CO2 -> increased [H+] -> reduce hemoglobin affinity for oxygen -> shift right

57
Q

Starling forces

A

Balance of hydrostatic and osmotic pressure

58
Q

Edema

A

Excess of fluid in tissues

59
Q

Coagulation

A

Activation cascade forms thrombin, which converts fibrinogen to fibrin

60
Q

Hematocrit

A

Percentage of red blood cells in blood

61
Q

Which blood cell contains nuclei

A

Leukocytes

62
Q

Valve that prevents backflow in right atrium

A

Tricuspid valve

63
Q

Valve that prevents backflow in right ventricle

A

Pulmonary valve

64
Q

Valve that prevents backflow in left atrium

A

Bicuspid valve

65
Q

Valve that prevents backflow in left ventricle

A

Aortic valve

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