Digestive System

Question 1

Mechanical digestion

Answer 1

Physical breakdown of food particles

Question 2

Chemical digestion

Answer 2

Enzymatic cleavage of chemical bonds

Question 3

Digestive pathway

Answer 3

Oral cavity -> Pharynx -> Esophagus -> Stomach -> Small intestine -> Large intestine -> Rectum -> Anus

Question 4

Accessory organs of digestion

Answer 4

Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

Question 5

Enteric nervous system

Answer 5

Govern function of digestive system

Question 6

Location of enteric nervous system

Answer 6

Walls of digestive tract

Question 7

Hormones that trigger thirst

Answer 7

Aldosterone, ADH

Question 8

Hormones that trigger hunger

Answer 8

Glucagon and ghrelin

Question 9

Hormones that promote satiety

Answer 9

Leptin and cholecystokinin

Question 10

Salivary amylase

Answer 10

Hydrolyze starch into smaller sugars

Question 11

Salivary lipase

Answer 11

Hydrolylze lipids

Question 12

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 12

A, D, E, K

Question 13

Peristalsis

Answer 13

Muscle contraction that moves food toward the stomach

Question 14

Swallowing occurs through the

Answer 14

Upper esophageal sphincter

Question 15

Food enters the stomach through the

Answer 15

Lower esophageal sphincter

Question 16

The stomach is divided into

Answer 16

Fundus, body, antrum, pylorus

Question 17

Fundus and body contain

Answer 17

Gastric glands

Question 18

Antrum and pylorus contain

Answer 18

Pyloric glands

Question 19

Rugae

Answer 19

Lining of stomach

Question 20

Internal curvature of the stomach is called

Answer 20

Lesser curvature

Question 21

External curvature of stomach

Answer 21

Greater curvature

Question 22

Gastric glands respond to signals from the

Answer 22

Vagus nerve of the parasympathetic neurons

Question 23

Mucous cells

Answer 23

Produce bicarbonate mucus that protects the muscular wall from acid

Question 24

Gastric gland cell types

Answer 24

Chief cells and parietal cells

Question 25

Chief cells secrete

Answer 25

Pepsinongen

Question 26

Parietal cells secrete

Answer 26

HCl and intrinsic factors

Question 27

H+ ions cleave

Answer 27

Pepsinogen to pepsin

Question 28

Pepsin

Answer 28

Cleaves peptide bonds

Question 29

Intrinsic factor

Answer 29

Needed for Vitamin B absorption, secreted in stomach

Question 30

Pyloric glands

Answer 30

G-cells secrete gastrin

Question 31

Gastrin

Answer 31

Increases HCl secretion and gastric motility

Question 32

Pepsin is activated by

Answer 32

Acid

Question 33

Chyme

Answer 33

Food after mechanical and chemical digestion in stomach

Question 34

Food leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum through

Answer 34

Pyloric sphincter

Question 35

Segments of the small intestine

Answer 35

Duodenum, Jejunum, ileum

Question 36

Duodenum releases

Answer 36

Brush-border enzymes

Question 37

Bile salts

Answer 37

Derived from cholesterol, emulsify fats into micelles

Question 38

Pancreatic juices are secreted into the

Answer 38

Duodenum

Question 39

Pancreatic juice enzymes can digest

Answer 39

Carbs, fats, proteins

Question 40

Duodenum pH conditions

Answer 40

Basic

Question 41

Acinar cells produce

Answer 41

Pancreatic juices

Question 42

Jejunum and ileum are involved in

Answer 42

Absorption

Question 43

Villi components

Answer 43

Capillary bed and lacteal

Question 44

Lacteal

Answer 44

Lymphatic system vessel

Question 45

Large intestine components

Answer 45

Cecum, colon, rectum

Question 46

Capillaries in the small intestine absorb

Answer 46

Water-soluble nutrients e.g. monosaccharides, amino acids, short-chain fatty acids

Question 47

Lacteals in the small intestine absorb

Answer 47

Fat-soluble nutrients e.g. fats, cholesterol

Question 48

Bile contains

Answer 48

Bile salt, cholesterol, pigments

Question 49

Liver functions

Answer 49

1. Bile production 2. Process nutrients 3. Detox 4. Synthesize albumin and clotting factor

Question 50

Gallbladder

Answer 50

Stores and concentrates bile

Question 51

Part of large intestine that absorbs water and salt

Answer 51

Colon

Question 52

Peptidase, enteropeptidase, and secretin are found in

Answer 52

Duodenum

Question 53

Secretin (hormone)

Answer 53

Stimulates release of pancreatic juices and slows motility

Question 54

Cholecystokinin (hormone)

Answer 54

Stimulates bile and pancreatic juice release and promotes satiety