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Bio > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Physical breakdown of food particles

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2
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Enzymatic cleavage of chemical bonds

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3
Q

Digestive pathway

A

Oral cavity -> Pharynx -> Esophagus -> Stomach -> Small intestine -> Large intestine -> Rectum -> Anus

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4
Q

Accessory organs of digestion

A

Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

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5
Q

Enteric nervous system

A

Govern function of digestive system

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6
Q

Location of enteric nervous system

A

Walls of digestive tract

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7
Q

Hormones that trigger thirst

A

Aldosterone, ADH

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8
Q

Hormones that trigger hunger

A

Glucagon and ghrelin

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9
Q

Hormones that promote satiety

A

Leptin and cholecystokinin

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10
Q

Salivary amylase

A

Hydrolyze starch into smaller sugars

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11
Q

Salivary lipase

A

Hydrolylze lipids

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12
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

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13
Q

Peristalsis

A

Muscle contraction that moves food toward the stomach

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14
Q

Swallowing occurs through the

A

Upper esophageal sphincter

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15
Q

Food enters the stomach through the

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

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16
Q

The stomach is divided into

A

Fundus, body, antrum, pylorus

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17
Q

Fundus and body contain

A

Gastric glands

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18
Q

Antrum and pylorus contain

A

Pyloric glands

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19
Q

Rugae

A

Lining of stomach

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20
Q

Internal curvature of the stomach is called

A

Lesser curvature

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21
Q

External curvature of stomach

A

Greater curvature

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22
Q

Gastric glands respond to signals from the

A

Vagus nerve of the parasympathetic neurons

23
Q

Mucous cells

A

Produce bicarbonate mucus that protects the muscular wall from acid

24
Q

Gastric gland cell types

A

Chief cells and parietal cells

25
Q

Chief cells secrete

A

Pepsinongen

26
Q

Parietal cells secrete

A

HCl and intrinsic factors

27
Q

H+ ions cleave

A

Pepsinogen to pepsin

28
Q

Pepsin

A

Cleaves peptide bonds

29
Q

Intrinsic factor

A

Needed for Vitamin B absorption, secreted in stomach

30
Q

Pyloric glands

A

G-cells secrete gastrin

31
Q

Gastrin

A

Increases HCl secretion and gastric motility

32
Q

Pepsin is activated by

A

Acid

33
Q

Chyme

A

Food after mechanical and chemical digestion in stomach

34
Q

Food leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum through

A

Pyloric sphincter

35
Q

Segments of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, ileum

36
Q

Duodenum releases

A

Brush-border enzymes

37
Q

Bile salts

A

Derived from cholesterol, emulsify fats into micelles

38
Q

Pancreatic juices are secreted into the

A

Duodenum

39
Q

Pancreatic juice enzymes can digest

A

Carbs, fats, proteins

40
Q

Duodenum pH conditions

A

Basic

41
Q

Acinar cells produce

A

Pancreatic juices

42
Q

Jejunum and ileum are involved in

A

Absorption

43
Q

Villi components

A

Capillary bed and lacteal

44
Q

Lacteal

A

Lymphatic system vessel

45
Q

Large intestine components

A

Cecum, colon, rectum

46
Q

Capillaries in the small intestine absorb

A

Water-soluble nutrients e.g. monosaccharides, amino acids, short-chain fatty acids

47
Q

Lacteals in the small intestine absorb

A

Fat-soluble nutrients e.g. fats, cholesterol

48
Q

Bile contains

A

Bile salt, cholesterol, pigments

49
Q

Liver functions

A
  1. Bile production 2. Process nutrients 3. Detox 4. Synthesize albumin and clotting factor
50
Q

Gallbladder

A

Stores and concentrates bile

51
Q

Part of large intestine that absorbs water and salt

A

Colon

52
Q

Peptidase, enteropeptidase, and secretin are found in

A

Duodenum

53
Q

Secretin (hormone)

A

Stimulates release of pancreatic juices and slows motility

54
Q

Cholecystokinin (hormone)

A

Stimulates bile and pancreatic juice release and promotes satiety

Bio (12 decks)

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