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Bio > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Red fibers (slow-twitch)

A

High myoglobin content, aeorbic with many mitochondria

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2
Q

White fibers (fast-twitch)

A

Low myoglobin, less iron

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3
Q

Muscles that contract slowly but sustain activity

A

Red fibers

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4
Q

Muscles that contract rapidly but fatigue quickly

A

White fibers

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5
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary action, single nucleus, striations not visible

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6
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary action, multinucleus, striated

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7
Q

Red fibers and white fibers are types of

A

Skeletal muscle

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8
Q

Myogenic activity

A

Muscle contracts without nervous system input

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9
Q

Myogenic activity is found in

A

Smooth and cardiac muscle

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10
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Primary uninucleus but may contain two nuclei, involuntary, striated

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11
Q

Cardiac and smooth muscle are innervated by

A

Autonomic nervous system

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12
Q

Thick filaments are made of

A

Myosin

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13
Q

Thin filaments are made of

A

Actin, troponin, tropomyosin

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14
Q

Z-line

A

End of the sarcomere

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15
Q

M-line

A

Middle of myosin filaments

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16
Q

I-band

A

Thin filaments only

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17
Q

H-zone

A

Thick filaments only

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18
Q

A-band

A

All thick filaments

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19
Q

What band’s size remains constant during contraction

A

A-band

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20
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Modified endoplasmic reticulum with high [Ca2+]

21
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Cell membrane of muscle cell, can propagate action potential

22
Q

Muscle fiber vs myofibril

A

Muscle fiber consists of many myofibrils

23
Q

Myofibril

A

Consists of many sarcomeres in series

24
Q

T-tubules

A

Connected to sarcolemma, distributes action potential across muscle

25
Q

Tetanus

A

Muscle contractions too frequent -> stronger, prolonged contraction of muscle

26
Q

Osteoblast

A

Build bone

27
Q

Osteoclast

A

Chew (resorb) bone

28
Q

Hormone that promotes resorption of bone

29
Q

Hormone that promotes bone formation

A

Calcitonin

30
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Form cartilage

31
Q

Spongy (cancellous bone)

A

Site of marrow production

32
Q

Bones are attached to muscle by

33
Q

Bones are attached to each other at joints by

34
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Midline structures e.g. skull, vetebral column, ribcage, hyoid

35
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Limbs, pelvis, pectoral girdle

36
Q

Immovable joint

A

Bones that are fused together to form sutures

37
Q

Movable joins

A

Strengthened by ligament, contain synovial capsule

38
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Lubricates the joint

39
Q

Lamellae

A

Circular rings of bone

40
Q

Canaliculi

A

Channels that allow for exchange of nutrients and waste

41
Q

Haversian and Volkmann’s canals

A

Contain blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels in bone

42
Q

Lacunae

A

Osteocyte location

43
Q

Epiphysis

A

End part of long bone

44
Q

Metaphysis

A

Neck part where long bone flares

45
Q

Diaphysis

A

Middle part of long bone

46
Q

What provides the powerstroke

A

Release of ADP and Pi from myosin

47
Q

Muscle contraction initiation

A

Release of acetylcholine from motor neuron -> activation of acetylcholine receptors in sarcolemma -> depolarization of sarcolemma -> T-tubules spread signal -> Ca2+ released from SR ->Ca2+ binds to troponin -> conformational shift in tropomyosin -> myosin binds to actin

48
Q

ATP binding role in actin-myosin cross-bridge cycle

A

Allows myosin to detach from actin

49
Q

Sliding filament model

A

Repetitive binding and sliding of myosin heads on actin allows thin filament to slide along thick filament, which leads to contraction

Bio (12 decks)

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