Reproductive System

Question 1

Pathway of sperm through reproductive system

Answer 1

Seminiferous tubules -> epididymis -> vas deferns -> ejaculatory duct -> urethra -> penis

Question 2

Sperm structure

Answer 2

Head, midpiece, flagellum

Question 3

Sperm midpiece is filled with

Answer 3

Mitochondria for movement energy

Question 4

Sperm head is covered by

Answer 4

Acrosome for penetrating ovum

Question 5

Sperm is nourished by

Answer 5

Sertoli cells

Question 6

Interstitial cells of Leydig

Answer 6

Secrete testosterone

Question 7

Scrotum

Answer 7

External pouch that maintains lower temperature for spermatogenesis

Question 8

Seminal vesicles

Answer 8

Nourish sperm with fructose

Question 9

Prostate gland and seminal vesicles

Answer 9

Give fluid mildly alkaline character

Question 10

Spermatogonia

Answer 10

Diploid stem cells that become sperm

Question 11

Ovaries

Answer 11

Produce estrogen and progesterone

Question 12

Cervix

Answer 12

Connects to vaginal canal

Question 13

Menarche

Answer 13

First menstrual cycle

Question 14

GnRH is restricted during puberty by

Answer 14

Hypothalamus

Question 15

GnRH causes

Answer 15

Release of FSH and LH, leading to secondary sex characterestics

Question 16

In males, FSH

Answer 16

Triggers spermatogenesis by stimulating sertoli cells

Question 17

In males, LH

Answer 17

Produces testosterone

Question 18

In females, FSH

Answer 18

Stimulates development of ovarian follicles

Question 19

In females, LH

Answer 19

Causes ovulation

Question 20

Menstrual cycle

Answer 20

Follicular phase -> ovulation -> luteal phase -> menstruation/pregnancy

Question 21

Follicular phase

Answer 21

GnRH secretion stimulates FSH and LH secretion, which promotes follicle development

Question 22

Ovulation

Answer 22

Stimulated by LH spike, triggered when estrogen levels reach a threshold, increased FSH, LH, GnRH

Question 23

Luteal phase

Answer 23

LH forms corpus luteum, which secretes of progesterone that maintains uterine lining

Question 24

hCG

Answer 24

Maintains corpus luteum

Question 25

Cell cycle stages

Answer 25

G1, S, G2, M

Question 26

Prophase

Answer 26

Chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane dissolves, nucleoli disappear, centrioles migrate to opposite poles, spindle forms

Question 27

Metaphase

Answer 27

Chromosomes gather align at metaphase plate

Question 28

Anaphase

Answer 28

Sister chromosomes separate

Question 29

Telophase

Answer 29

Chromosomes decondense, nuclear membrane forms, nucleoli reappear, spindle disappears, cell divides

Question 30

Upon ovulation, oocyte is released to the

Answer 30

Abdominal cavity

Question 31

Sperm development steps

Answer 31

Spermatogonium -> 1’ spermatocyte -> 2’ spermatocyte -> spermatid -> spermatozoa

Question 32

Estrogen leads to thickening of

Answer 32

Endometrium

Question 33

Progesterone

Answer 33

Maintenance of endometrium

Question 34

Progesterone is secreted by

Answer 34

Corpus luteum

Question 35

Ovulation features

Answer 35

Egg is released from follicle into peritoneal cavity

Question 36

Luteal phase features

Answer 36

Corpus luteum produces progesterone to maintain endometrium

Question 37

Follicular phase features

Answer 37

Follicles mature

Question 38

S stage

Answer 38

DNA is replicated, chromatids held together at centromere

Question 39

Sister chromatids

Answer 39

Copies of same DNA hold together at the centromere

Question 40

Prophase I of meiosis

Answer 40

Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material via crossing over