Genetics

Question 1

Frameshift mutation

Answer 1

Nucleotides are inserted into or deleted from the genome

Question 2

Chromosomal mutation

Answer 2

Large-scale mutations, large segments of DNA are affected (DIDIT)

Question 3

Missense mutation

Answer 3

Results in wrong amino acid

Question 4

Nonsense mutation

Answer 4

Results in termination of translation by encoding for STOP codon

Question 5

Deletion mutation

Answer 5

Large segment of DNA is lost from chromosome

Question 6

Duplication mutation

Answer 6

Segment of DNA is copied multiple times in genome

Question 7

Inversion mutation

Answer 7

Segment of DNA is inversed

Question 8

Insertion mutation

Answer 8

Nucleotides are added to a segment of DNA

Question 9

Translocation mutation

Answer 9

Segment of chromosome breaks and attaches to another chromosome

Question 10

Genetic leakage

Answer 10

Flow of genes between species through hybrid offspring

Question 11

Crossing two heterozygotes (Pp x Pp) results in genotype ratio of

Answer 11

1:2:1 (1 PP, 2 Pp, 1 pp)

Question 12

Crossing two heterozygotes (Pp x Pp) results in phenotype ratio of

Answer 12

3:1 (3 dominant, 1 recessive)

Question 13

Test cross

Answer 13

Unknown genotype is crossed with an organism known to be homozygous recessive

Question 14

If all the offspring in test cross are dominant phenotype

Answer 14

Test cross organism is homozygous dominant (PP)

Question 15

If dominant: recessive phenotype is 1:1 in test cross

Answer 15

Test cross organism is heterozygous (Pp)

Question 16

Phenotypic ratio for dihybrid cross between two heterozygotes

Answer 16

9:3:3:1