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AUDE 5260 - Human and Neuroanatomy > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the respiratory system?

A

The set of organs that allows a person to breathe and/or exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body

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2
Q

What are the two primary tasks of the respiratory system?

A

External respiration: exchanging air between the body and the outside environment
Internal respiration: bringing oxygen to the cells and removing carbon dioxide

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3
Q

What are the other functions of the respiratory system?

A

Filter inspired air
Help produce sound
Aid in smell
Rids the body of some excess water and heat
Helps regulate blood pH

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4
Q

What are the two phases of breathing?

A

Inhalation (breathing in) and exhalation (breathing out)

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5
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

Common pathway for food and air
Resonating chamber for speech

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6
Q

What are the three divisions of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

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7
Q

Which divisions of the larynx have tonsils?

A

Nasopharynx and oropharynx

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8
Q

What is the larynx?

A

The voice box, ends in the trachea
Prevents swallowed materials from entering lower respiratory tract
Produces sound
supported by 9 pieces of cartilage

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9
Q

What is the trachea?

A

Windpipe
Cartilage rings keep it open and rigid
Bifurcates into two bronchi

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10
Q

What are the two lungs separated by?

A

Mediastinum (it also contains the heart)

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11
Q

Which lung has two lobes?

A

Left

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12
Q

Which lung has 3 lobes?

A

Right

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13
Q

What is the fissure that separates the 2 lobes of the left lung?

A

Oblique fissure

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14
Q

What fissures separate the 3 loves of the right lung?

A

Oblique and horizontal

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15
Q

Which lung is the smaller one and why?

A

Left, because the cardiac notch accommodates the heart

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16
Q

Which lung is more superior?

A

Right, because the liver is on the right side

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17
Q

Which lobe of each lung is the largest?

A

Superior

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18
Q

What is the moist tissue that lines both the lung and the cavity?

A

Pleura

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19
Q

What pleura lines the lung?

A

visceral pleura

20
Q

What pleura lines the cavity?

A

Parietal pleura

21
Q

What is the pleural cavity?

A

The potential space between the pleura layers

22
Q

What is the main function of the pleura?

A

Produce fluid that acts as a lubricant, ensuring minimal friction during breathing

23
Q

What are all of the branches of the lungs from largest to smallest?

A

Main bronchi, secondary bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

24
Q

What happens to the rib cage and diaphragm during inhalation?

A

Diaphragm contracts and rib cage rises up
Atmospheric pressure fills the lungs

25
Q

Where does gas exchange between air and blood occur in the lungs?

A

Alveoli
Capillaries covering each one

26
Q

Why is it important that alveoli and capillaries are close together?

A

So oxygen and carbon dioxide can move between them

27
Q

What happens with gas exchange when you breathe?

A

When you breathe in, oxygen will travel across the walls of the alveoli into the blood stream
Carbon dioxide will cross from the blood in the capillaries into the air in the alveoli and then breathed out

28
Q

Is exhaling passive?

A

Yes

29
Q

What is external respiration?

A

The breathing we are familiar with

30
Q

What is internal respiration?

A

The gas exchange that occurs

31
Q

What are some disorders of the respiratory system?

A

Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, and pleural effusion

32
Q

What is asthma?

A

Spasms in the bronchi causing difficulty breathing
Usually resulting from allergies or other hypersensitivity
Airways become swollen and muscles tighten

33
Q

What is COPD an umbrella term for?

A

Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and refractory asthma

34
Q

What is COPD characterized by?

A

Breathlessness

35
Q

What is emphysema?

A

Damage to the alveoli, body does not get enough oxygen
Hard to catch breathe, chronic cough

36
Q

What is bronchitis?

A

Inflammation of bronchial tubes
Cough that brings up mucous
Shortness or breathe, wheezing, chest tightness

37
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

Hereditary disease that affects the lungs and digestive system
Thick and sticky mucous clog the lungs and obstruct the pancreas

38
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

Infection that inflames the alveoli
May fill with pus
Cause cough with phlegm, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing

39
Q

What is pleural effusion?

A

Build-up of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs
Water on the lungs

40
Q

Can the eustachian tube becoming swollen from a cold or upper respiratory infection cause problems with the middle ear?

A

Yes

41
Q

What can an infection that spreads from the nose and throat through the eustachian tube cause?

A

Middle ear infection

42
Q

Can allergies cause pressure build up and a conductive hearing loss?

A

Yes

43
Q

What are some important risk factors for hearing loss for newborn babies?

A

Prolonged artificial ventilation, presence of severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy or persistent pulmonary hypertension

44
Q

What are the best predictors for hearing loss of perinatal origin?

A

Medicated total length in NICU and length of artificial ventilation

45
Q

What is ECMO?

A

Artificial lung outside of the body
Used for someone who is awaiting a heart or lung transplant

46
Q

What is hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

A

Breathing chamber of pure oxygen
Can help reduce the severity of hearing loss and tinnitus

AUDE 5260 - Human and Neuroanatomy (19 decks)

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