Embryology Flashcards
What are the 3 germ layers?
Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
What are the steps of neurolation?
Begins week 3, neural plate to groove to tube
What germ layer forms the neural groove?
Ectoderm
What are crest cells?
Will become neurons of the PNS
What is notochord?
Will help form vertebral column
What are sulcus limitans?
Divide the dorsal from the ventral of the future spinal cord
What is spina bifida?
Failure of caudal neuropore to close, vertebrae does not form
What is crania bifida?
Failure of the rostral neuropore to close
What is a chiari malformation?
Herniation of cerebellum and caudal brainstem
What is the cervical flexure?
Where future brainstem meets the future spinal cord
What is the cephalic flexure?
At level of future midbrain, remains as a turn in the axis between the cerebrum and brainstem
What is the pontine flexure?
In the area of the pons and the 4th ventricle
What does monogenic mean?
Single gene abnormality
What does multifactorial mean?
Not just from genes or environment
What does mitochondrial mean?
Passes through maternal mitochondria, effects enzymes of the mitochondria
What does non-mendelian mean?
Affects whole chromosome (downs)
What are ways infants can be assessed for abnormal function?
Reflexes (moro and other)
What is the moro reflex?
Spread arms and legs to loud sounds
What is involved in metabolic diseases?
Deficiency in some enzyme, not breaking down something
What does ectoderm become in AVS?
outer (skin), inner ear (sense organs), and membranous labyrinthine
What does mesoderm become in AVS?
Ossicles, temporal bone, and bony labyrinthine
What does endoderm become in AVS?
Middle ear epithelial lining, aerated mastoid air cells, and eustachian tube
