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AUDE 5260 - Human and Neuroanatomy > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 germ layers?

A

Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

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2
Q

What are the steps of neurolation?

A

Begins week 3, neural plate to groove to tube

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3
Q

What germ layer forms the neural groove?

A

Ectoderm

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4
Q

What are crest cells?

A

Will become neurons of the PNS

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5
Q

What is notochord?

A

Will help form vertebral column

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6
Q

What are sulcus limitans?

A

Divide the dorsal from the ventral of the future spinal cord

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7
Q

What is spina bifida?

A

Failure of caudal neuropore to close, vertebrae does not form

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8
Q

What is crania bifida?

A

Failure of the rostral neuropore to close

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9
Q

What is a chiari malformation?

A

Herniation of cerebellum and caudal brainstem

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10
Q

What is the cervical flexure?

A

Where future brainstem meets the future spinal cord

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11
Q

What is the cephalic flexure?

A

At level of future midbrain, remains as a turn in the axis between the cerebrum and brainstem

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12
Q

What is the pontine flexure?

A

In the area of the pons and the 4th ventricle

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13
Q

What does monogenic mean?

A

Single gene abnormality

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14
Q

What does multifactorial mean?

A

Not just from genes or environment

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15
Q

What does mitochondrial mean?

A

Passes through maternal mitochondria, effects enzymes of the mitochondria

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16
Q

What does non-mendelian mean?

A

Affects whole chromosome (downs)

17
Q

What are ways infants can be assessed for abnormal function?

A

Reflexes (moro and other)

18
Q

What is the moro reflex?

A

Spread arms and legs to loud sounds

19
Q

What is involved in metabolic diseases?

A

Deficiency in some enzyme, not breaking down something

20
Q

What does ectoderm become in AVS?

A

outer (skin), inner ear (sense organs), and membranous labyrinthine

21
Q

What does mesoderm become in AVS?

A

Ossicles, temporal bone, and bony labyrinthine

22
Q

What does endoderm become in AVS?

A

Middle ear epithelial lining, aerated mastoid air cells, and eustachian tube

AUDE 5260 - Human and Neuroanatomy (19 decks)

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