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AUDE 5260 - Human and Neuroanatomy > Cerebral Cortex > Flashcards

Cerebral Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

How many layers of cortex are there?

A

6

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2
Q

What layer is superficial and which is deep?

A

1 is superficial and 6 is deep

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3
Q

Which cells are the most abundant in the cerebral cortex?

A

Pyramidal

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4
Q

Is the auditory cortex organized in frequency strips?

A

Yes
And has columns of binaural dominance

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5
Q

Are cells either excited by stimuli in both ears (EE) or excited by stimuli in one and inhibited by stimuli in the other (EI)?

A

Yes

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6
Q

What are commissural fibers?

A

Fibers to other hemisphere

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7
Q

What are association fibers?

A

Fibers to different lobe in same hemisphere

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8
Q

What is an example of an association fiber?

A

Arcuate fasciculus

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9
Q

What are projection fibers?

A

Fibers from the thalamus (corona radiata)

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10
Q

What two things could happen with a lesion in the cortex?

A

Loss of function (negative sign)
Appearance of behaviors not normally present (positive sign)

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11
Q

What could happen if S1 was damaged?

A

Deficits in position sense
Can’t tell where limb is
Astrognosis

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12
Q

What is asterognosis?

A

Inability to identify an object by feel

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13
Q

Does damage to the right side of S1 result in lack of spatial aspect of sensory input for the left side of the body?

A

Yes
Often results in hemineglect syndrome

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14
Q

What is hemineglect?

A

Lack of appreciation of spatial aspects of sensory input to left side of body

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15
Q

What might happen with a person with hemineglect?

A

They might only shave the right side of their face and may only draw the right side of an image

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16
Q

What does the frontal and prefrontal cortex control?

A

Motor planning, cognitive and emotional activities
Regulate affect associated with sensations (happy, sad, friendly, disagreeable)

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17
Q

What happens when someone has a lesion in the frontal lobe?

A

Patient is less excitable (flat affect)
Less creative
Apathetic
Impaired consecutive planning
Inability to maintain order of events
Difficult shifting between activities
Loss of self control
Disinhibited social behavior

18
Q

What might happen when someone has a lesion in M1?

A

Contralateral paresis (weakness)
Increased deep tendon reflex
Positive babinski

19
Q

What might happen when someone has a lesion in the premotor cortex?

A

Increased tone and resistance to passive movements

20
Q

What is wernicke’s aphasia?

A

spoken and written words are not meaningful

21
Q

What is broca’s aphasia?

A

Production of speech is impaired

22
Q

What is agnosia?

A

Inability to recognize an object or interpret sensory stimuli

23
Q

Can agnosia be for multiple senses?

A

Yes, tactile, visual, and auditory

24
Q

What is apraxia?

A

Interference with planning and performing skilled and complex movements

25
Q

What side is the planum temporale usually bigger?

A

Left

26
Q

Which hemisphere is favored for the development of speech and language?

A

Left

27
Q

Is there also lateralization for mood (prefrontal cortex)?

A

Yes
Left plays a role in happy feelings
Right plays a role in negative feelings

28
Q

Which side of the brain is dominant for language, speech writing, calculation, and complex reasoning?

A

Left

29
Q

Which side of the brain is dominant for spatial construction, creative acts, and facial recognition?

A

Right

30
Q

Can an object felt in the left hand be identified verbally?

A

No because left hemisphere is used to say words

31
Q

Why is function lateralized?

A

May increase our intelligence
Probably provides more efficient function

32
Q

What type of injury has a better prognosis for recovery?

A

Supratentorial

33
Q

What happens with a supratentorial lesion?

A

Slow and stepwise progression
Displacement of supratentorial structures through tentorial notch

34
Q

What happens with a infratentorial lesion?

A

Dramatic symptoms associated with cranial nerves (vertigo, nausea, deafness, facial paralysis)

35
Q

What is a period of abnormal, hyperactive, and synchronized neural firing in the cortex?

A

Seizure

36
Q

What is a seizure that is only initiated by a small part of the brain?

A

Partial

37
Q

What is a seizure that involves the entire brain?

A

General

38
Q

What are absence seizures?

A

Loss of awareness without loss of muscle tone

39
Q

What are normal seizures called?

A

Tonic-clonic

40
Q

What seizures only happen in young children?

A

Febrile

41
Q

What causes seizures?

A

Many causes
Related to cortical damage

AUDE 5260 - Human and Neuroanatomy (19 decks)

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